vc 识别移动硬盘 U盘，本地硬盘[通俗易懂]

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

说明：
有时候我们在做设备监控的时候，要识别一些链接设备，在使用函数GetDriveType的时候，U盘可以返回DRIVE_REMOVABLE，而本地硬盘硬盘和移动硬盘DRIVE_FIXED，因此还需要进一步来识别。识别方法为判断设备的总线类型即可：需要用到的数据类型以及函数有：

//将所有的卷存储在buffer中，格式为：C:/NULLD:/NULLE:/NULL
DWORD GetLogicalDriveStrings(
DWORD nBufferLength, // size of buffer
LPTSTR lpBuffer // drive strings buffer);

//判断设备类型：
UINT GetDriveType(  LPCTSTR lpRootPathName   // root directory);
返回值有：
#define DRIVE_UNKNOWN     0
#define DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR 1
#define DRIVE_REMOVABLE   2
#define DRIVE_FIXED       3
#define DRIVE_REMOTE      4
#define DRIVE_CDROM       5
#define DRIVE_RAMDISK     6

//DeviceIoControl要查询的类型
typedef struct _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY {

    // ID of the property being retrieved
    STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID PropertyId;//使用前要对此字段赋值

    // Flags indicating the type of query being performed
    STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE QueryType;  //使用前要对此字段赋值

    // Space for additional parameters if necessary
    BYTE  AdditionalParameters[1];

} STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY, *PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY;

// STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID枚举类型
typedef enum _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID {
    StorageDeviceProperty = 0,
    StorageAdapterProperty,
    StorageDeviceIdProperty,
    StorageDeviceUniqueIdProperty,              // See storduid.h for details
    StorageDeviceWriteCacheProperty,
    StorageMiniportProperty,
    StorageAccessAlignmentProperty,
    StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty,
    StorageDeviceTrimProperty,
    StorageDeviceWriteAggregationProperty,
    StorageDeviceDeviceTelemetryProperty,
    StorageDeviceLBProvisioningProperty,
    StorageDevicePowerProperty,
    StorageDeviceCopyOffloadProperty,
    StorageDeviceResiliencyProperty,
    StorageDeviceMediumProductType,
} STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID, *PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_ID;

//STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE枚举
typedef enum _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE {
    PropertyStandardQuery = 0,          // Retrieves the descriptor
    PropertyExistsQuery,                // Used to test whether the descriptor is supported
    PropertyMaskQuery,                  // Used to retrieve a mask of writeable fields in the descriptor
    PropertyQueryMaxDefined     // use to validate the value
} STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE, *PSTORAGE_QUERY_TYPE;

//我们的输出结构：

typedef _Struct_size_bytes_(Size) struct _STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR {

    // Sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR)
    DWORD Version;
    // Total size of the descriptor, including the space for additional data and id strings
    DWORD Size;
    // The SCSI-2 device type
    BYTE  DeviceType;
    // The SCSI-2 device type modifier (if any) - this may be zero
    BYTE  DeviceTypeModifier;   
    // Flag indicating whether the device's media (if any) is removable.  This
    // field should be ignored for media-less devices   
    BOOLEAN RemovableMedia;   
    // Flag indicating whether the device can support mulitple outstanding
    // commands.  The actual synchronization in this case is the responsibility of the port driver.
    BOOLEAN CommandQueueing;   
    // Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
    // vendor id string.  For devices with no such ID this will be zero   
    DWORD VendorIdOffset;   
    // Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
    // product id string.  For devices with no such ID this will be zero   
    DWORD ProductIdOffset;   
    // Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
    // product revision string.  For devices with no such string this will be zero   
    DWORD ProductRevisionOffset;   
    // Byte offset to the zero-terminated ascii string containing the device's
    // serial number.  For devices with no serial number this will be zero   
    DWORD SerialNumberOffset;   
    // Contains the bus type (as defined above) of the device.  It should be
    // used to interpret the raw device properties at the end of this structure
    // (if any)   
    STORAGE_BUS_TYPE BusType;   
    // The number of bytes of bus-specific data which have been appended to this descriptor
    DWORD RawPropertiesLength;   
    // Place holder for the first byte of the bus specific property data   
    BYTE  RawDeviceProperties[1];
} STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR, *PSTORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR;

//最后要根据BusType字段来判断 看一些这个类型：
typedef enum _STORAGE_BUS_TYPE {
    BusTypeUnknown = 0x00,
    BusTypeScsi,
    BusTypeAtapi,
    BusTypeAta,
    BusType1394,
    BusTypeSsa,
    BusTypeFibre,
    BusTypeUsb,//这个就是移动硬盘了
    BusTypeRAID,
    BusTypeiScsi,
    BusTypeSas,
    BusTypeSata,
    BusTypeSd,
    BusTypeMmc,
    BusTypeVirtual,
    BusTypeFileBackedVirtual,
    BusTypeSpaces,
    BusTypeNvme,
    BusTypeMax,
    BusTypeMaxReserved = 0x7F
} STORAGE_BUS_TYPE, *PSTORAGE_BUS_TYPE;

//下面附一段代码测试：

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	DWORD dwReturnLen = 0;
	PWCHAR pDrive = NULL;
	WCHAR wszDrive[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
	dwReturnLen = GetLogicalDriveStringsW(MAX_PATH, wszDrive);
	//WCHAR wszName[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
	HANDLE hDevice = NULL;

	if (dwReturnLen < MAX_PATH)
	{
		pDrive = wszDrive;

		while (*pDrive)
		{
			UINT uType = 0;
			
			uType = GetDriveTypeW(pDrive);
			if (uType == DRIVE_REMOVABLE)
			{
				printf("%ws:U盘.\n", pDrive);
			}
			else if (uType == DRIVE_CDROM)
			{
				printf("%ws:光驱.\n", pDrive);
			}
			
			else if (uType == DRIVE_FIXED)
			{
				//进一步判断移动硬盘或者本地硬盘

				wstring wstrName(L"\\\\.\\");
				wstrName.append(pDrive, 2);

                                /*经测试\\.\C:\这种格式打不开，

                                 *如换成\\.\C:就可以打开了

                                 */

				hDevice = CreateFileW(
					wstrName.c_str(), 
					GENERIC_READ, 
					FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, 
					NULL, 
					OPEN_EXISTING,
					0, 
					NULL);
				if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hDevice)
				{
					printf("createFile error code:(0x%08x).\n", GetLastError());
					getchar();
					return  0;
				}
				//输入查询参数
				STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY PropertyQuery;
				//初始化PropertyQuery
				PropertyQuery.PropertyId = StorageDeviceProperty;
				PropertyQuery.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

				BOOL bResult;
				DWORD dwBytesReturned = 0;
				//查询结果结构
				STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR deviceDescriptor = { 0 };
				deviceDescriptor.Size = sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR);
				//STORAGE_BUS_TYPE
				bResult = DeviceIoControl(
					hDevice, 
					IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY, //系统内置控制码
					&PropertyQuery, 
					sizeof(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY), 
					&deviceDescriptor, 
					deviceDescriptor.Size, 
					&dwBytesReturned, 
					NULL);
				if (bResult)
				{
					//依据总线类型来判断
					//printf("device:%ws  storage bus type:%d \n", pDrive, deviceDescriptor.BusType);
					if (BusTypeUsb == deviceDescriptor.BusType)
						printf("%ws:移动硬盘 \n", pDrive);
				        else

                                           //这里还可以再进一步详细划分

                                        	printf("%ws:本地硬盘 \n", pDrive);
				}
				CloseHandle(hDevice);
				hDevice = NULL;
			}
			else //if (uType == DRIVE_UNKNOWN)
			{
				printf("%ws:未知.\n", pDrive);
			}
			pDrive += 4;
		}
	}

	getchar();
	return 0;
}

测试结果：