python 对selenium框架进行二次封装，原来如此简单

selenium模块的使用，虽然说是非常的简单，但是如果不对一些基础的操作进行二次封装之后再使用，那么当网页发生变化时候，这时候去修改程序就是一件非常麻烦的事情了，那么一些提供一个对selenium模块进行二次封装的方法吧。

""" 此文件为selenium常用方法二次封装文件 """
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains   # 处理鼠标事件(高级操作)
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait            # 隐式等待
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options             # 添加设置浏览器驱动的头部信息时候使用（代理Ip等等）
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException,TimeoutException     # 异常处理（捕获异常）
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select


class browser(object):
    """ selenium框架的主要类 """
    original_window = None

    # 初始化函数，确定打开的驱动浏览器
    def __init__(self, browser='firefox'):
        """ 运行初始化方法默认firefox，当然，也可以外部传入一个其他浏览器名称，进行替换 """
        if browser == "firefox":
            self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        elif browser == "chrome":
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie":
            self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
        elif browser == "opera":
            self.driver = webdriver.Opera()
        
        # 不显示页面的浏览器
        elif browser == "chrome_headless":
            chrome_options = Options()
            chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
        elif browser == 'edge':
            self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
        else:
            raise NameError(
                "找不到 %s 浏览器,你应该从这里面选取一个 'ie', 'firefox', 'opera', 'edge', 'chrome' or 'chrome_headless'." % browser)


    def element_wait(self, by, value, secs=5):
        """ 等待元素显示，显示等待元素，消耗时间最短 """
        try:
            if by == "id":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, value)))
            elif by == "name":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, value)))
            elif by == "class":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
            elif by == "link_text":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
            elif by == "xpath":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, value)))
            elif by == "css":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
            else:
                raise NoSuchElementException(
                    "找不到元素，请检查语法或元素")
        except TimeoutException:
            print("查找元素超时请检查元素")

    def get_element(self, css):
        """ 判断元素定位方式，并返回元素 """
        if "=>" not in css:
            by = "css"  # 如果是css的格式是#aaa,所以在此加入判断如果不包含=>就默认是css传给上面的element_wait判断元素是否存在
            value = css
            # wait element.
            self.element_wait(by, css)
        else:
            by = css.split("=>")[0]
            value = css.split("=>")[1]
            if by == "" or value == "":
                raise NameError(
                    "语法错误，参考: 'id=>kw 或 xpath=>//*[@id='kw'].")
            self.element_wait(by, value)

        if by == "id":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
        elif by == "name":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
        elif by == "class":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)
        elif by == "link_text":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value)
        elif by == "xpath":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)  # 如果是xpath要以此格式传入xpath=>//*[@id='su']
        elif by == "css":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)
        else:
            raise NameError(
                "Please enter the correct targeting elements,'id','name','class','link_text','xpath','css'.")
        return element

    def open(self, url):
        """ 打开url. 用法: driver.open("https://www.baidu.com") """
        self.driver.get(url)

    def max_window(self):
        """ 设置浏览器最大化. 用法: driver.max_window() """
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def set_window(self, wide, high):
        """ 设置浏览器窗口宽和高. 用法: driver.set_window(wide,high) """
        self.driver.set_window_size(wide, high)

    def send_value(self, css, text):
        """ 操作输入框. 用法: driver.type("css=>#el","selenium") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.send_keys(text)

    def clear(self, css):
        """ 清除输入框的内容. 用法: driver.clear("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.clear()

    def click(self, css):
        """ 它可以点击任何文本/图像 连接，复选框，单选按钮，甚至下拉框等等.. 用法: driver.click("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.click()

    def right_click(self, css):
        """ 右键单击元素. 用法: driver.right_click("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()

    def move_to_element(self, css):
        """ 鼠标移到元素（悬停）. 用法: driver.move_to_element("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()

    def double_click(self, css):
        """ 双击元素. 用法: driver.double_click("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(el).perform()

    def drag_and_drop(self, el_css, ta_css):
        """ 把一个元素拖到一定的距离，然后把它放下. 用法: driver.drag_and_drop("css=>#el","css=>#ta") """
        element = self.get_element(el_css)
        target = self.get_element(ta_css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()

    def click_text(self, text):
        """ 单击链接文本中的元素 用法: driver.click_text("新闻") """
        self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()

    def close(self):
        """ 模拟用户在弹出框的标题栏中点击“关闭”按钮窗口或选项卡. Usage: driver.close() """
        self.driver.close()

    def quit(self):
        """ 关闭使用的所有窗口. 用法: driver.quit() """
        self.driver.quit()

    def submit(self, css):
        """ 提交指定的表单 用法: driver.submit("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.submit()

    def F5(self):
        """ 刷新当前页面. 用法: driver.F5() """
        self.driver.refresh()

    def js(self, script):
        """ 执行JavaScript脚本. 用法: driver.js("window.scrollTo(200,1000);") """
        self.driver.execute_script(script)

    def get_attribute(self, css, attribute):
        """ 获取元素属性的值. 用法: driver.get_attribute("css=>#el","type") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.get_attribute(attribute)

    def get_text(self, css):
        """ 获得元素文本信息 用法: driver.get_text("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.text

    def get_display(self, css):
        """ 获取元素来显示，返回结果为真或假. 用法: driver.get_display("css=>#el") """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.is_displayed()

    def get_title(self):
        """ 得到窗口标题. 用法: driver.get_title() """
        return self.driver.title

    def get_url(self):
        """ 获取当前页面的URL地址. 用法: driver.get_url() """
        return self.driver.current_url

    def get_alert_text(self):
        """ 得到警报的文本. 用法: driver.get_alert_text() """
        return self.driver.switch_to.alert.text

    def wait(self, secs):
        """ 隐式等，页面上的所有元素. 用法: driver.wait(10) """
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)

    def accept_alert(self):
        """ 接受警告框. 用法: driver.accept_alert() """
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()

    def dismiss_alert(self):
        """ Dismisses the alert available. 用法: driver.dismiss_alert() """
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()

    def switch_to_frame(self, css):
        """ 切换到指定的frame. 用法: driver.switch_to_frame("css=>#el") """
        iframe_el = self.get_element(css)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe_el)

    def switch_to_frame_out(self):
        """ Returns the current form machine form at the next higher level. Corresponding relationship with switch_to_frame () method. Usage: driver.switch_to_frame_out() """
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    def open_new_window(self, css):
        """ 打开新窗口并切换到新打开的窗口. 用法: 传入一个点击后会跳转的元素 driver.open_new_window("link_text=>注册") """
        original_window = self.driver.current_window_handle
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.click()
        all_handles = self.driver.window_handles
        for handle in all_handles:
            if handle != original_window:
                self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)

    def get_screen_shot(self, file_path):
        """将当前窗口的屏幕截图保存到PNG图像文件中. 用法: driver.get_screen_shot('/Screenshots/foo.png') """
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path)

    def select(self, css, value):
        """ 构造函数。对给定的元素进行了检查，确实是一个SELECT标记。如果不是, 然后抛出一个意料之外的tag name exception. :Args: - css - element SELECT element to wrap - value - The value to match against Usage: <select name="NR" id="nr"> <option value="10" selected="">每页显示10条</option> <option value="20">每页显示20条</option> <option value="50">每页显示50条</option> </select> driver.select("#nr", '20') driver.select("xpath=>//[@name='NR']", '20') """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        Select(el).select_by_value(value)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = browser()

现在就可以使用起来了，把对selenium的二次封装作为一个模块在程序中进行调用，这不是一件非常香的事情吗