ipset介绍
iptables是在linux内核里配置防火墙规则的用户空间工具,它实际上是netfilter框架的一部分.可能因为iptables是netfilter框架里最常见的部分,所以这个框架通常被称为iptables,iptables是linux从2.4版本引入的防火墙解决方案.
ipset是iptables的扩展,它允许你创建 匹配整个地址sets(地址集合) 的规则。而不像普通的iptables链是线性的存储和过滤,ip集合存储在带索引的数据结构中,这种结构即时集合比较大也可以进行高效的查找.
除了一些常用的情况,比如阻止一些危险主机访问本机，从而减少系统资源占用或网络拥塞,IPsets也具备一些新防火墙设计方法,并简化了配置.
官网：http://ipset.netfilter.org/
安装rpm -ivh libmnl-devel-1.0.2-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libmnl-1.0.2-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
tar xvf ipset-6.24.tar.bz2
cd ipset-6.24
./configure
make
make install
#注意：
如果在centos6.6或其他情况下安装时候，configure报错如下configure: error: Invalid kernel source directory /lib/modules/2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64/source
解决：需要安装内核源码包kernel-devel-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm
创建ipset
ipset -n或者ipset create:n, create SETNAME TYPENAME [ CREATE-OPTIONS ]
SETNAME是创建的ipset的名称，TYPENAME是ipset的类型：TYPENAME := method:datatype[,datatype[,datatype]]
method指定ipset中的entry存放的方式，随后的datatype约定了每个entry的格式。
可以使用的method:bitmap, hash, list
可以使用的datatype:ip, net, mac, port, iface
添加记录
ipset add用于在ipset中添加记录：add SETNAME ADD-ENTRY [ ADD-OPTIONS ]
向ipset中添加entry的时候，加入的entry的格式必须与创建ipset是指定的格式匹配。$ipset creat foo hash:ip,port,ip
$ipset add foo ipaddr,portnum,ipaddr
$ipset list foo
Name: foo
Type: hash:ip,port,ip
Revision: 2
Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536
Size in memory: 16584
References: 0
Members:
192.168.1.2,tcp:80,192.168.1.3
删除记录
ipset del用于从ipset中删除记录：del SETNAME DEL-ENTRY [ DEL-OPTIONS ]
查询记录
ipset test可以检查目标entry是否在ipset中:test SETNAME TEST-ENTRY [ TEST-OPTIONS ]
ipset list可以查看ipset的所有内容：list [ SETNAME ] [ OPTIONS ]
导出导入
ipset save可以导出所有的ipset:save [ SETNAME ]
ipset restore则用于将导出的内容导入。
其它flush [ SETNAME ]
Flush all entries from the specified set or flush all sets if none is given.
e, rename SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO
Rename a set. Set identified by SETNAME-TO must not exist.
w, swap SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO
Swap the content of two sets, or in another words, exchange the name of two sets. The referred sets must exist and identical type of sets can be swapped only.
help [ TYPENAME ]
Print help and set type specific help if TYPENAME is specified.
version
Print program version.
– If a dash is specified as command, then ipset enters a simple interactive mode and the commands are read from the standard input. The interactive mode can be finished by entering the
pseudo-command quit.
在iptables中使用ipset
在iptables中可以使用-m set启用ipset模块，例如。-A POSTROUTING -m set –match-set felix-masq-ipam-pools src -m set ! –match-set felix-all-ipam-pools dst -j MASQUERADE
iptables的set模块：set
This module matches IP sets which can be defined by ipset(8).
[!] –match-set setname flag[,flag]…
where flags are the comma separated list of src and/or dst specifications and there can be no more than six of them. Hence the command
iptables -A FORWARD -m set –match-set test src,dst
…
在TARGET中也可以操作ipset：SET
This module adds and/or deletes entries from IP sets which can be defined by ipset(8).
–add-set setname flag[,flag…]
add the address(es)/port(s) of the packet to the set
–del-set setname flag[,flag…]
delete the address(es)/port(s) of the packet from the set
where flag(s) are src and/or dst specifications and there can be no more than six of them.
…
在man iptables-extensions中可以找到set module和SET TARGET的所有选项。
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