restrict,no action:
立即检查外键约束,如果子表有匹配记录,父表关联记录不能执行 delete/update 操作;
cascade:
父表delete /update时,子表对应记录随之 delete/update ;
set null:
父表在delete /update时,子表对应字段被set null,此时留意子表外键不能设置为not null ;
set default:
父表有delete/update时,子表将外键设置成一个默认的值,但是 innodb不能识别,实际mysql5.5之后默认的存储引擎都是innodb,所以不推荐设置该外键方式。如果你的环境mysql是5.5之前,默认存储引擎是myisam,则可以考虑。
选择set null ,setdefault,cascade 时要谨慎,可能因为错误操作导致数据丢失。
如果以上描述并不能理解透彻,可以参看下面例子。
country 表是父表,country_id是主键,city是子表,外键为country_id,和country表的主键country_id对应。
create table country( country_id smallint unsigned not null auto_increment, country varchar(50) not null, last_update timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp, primary key(country_id) )engine=INNODB default charset=utf8; CREATE TABLE `city` ( `city_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `city` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `country_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL, `last_update` timestamp NOT NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`), KEY `idx_fk_country_id` (`country_id`), CONSTRAINT `fk_city_country` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `country` (`country_id`) on delete restrict ON UPDATE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


insert into country values(1,'wq',now()); select * from country; insert into city values(222,'tom',1,now()); select * from city;

delete from country where country_id=1; update country set country_id=100 where country_id=1; select * from country where country='wq'; select * from city where city='tom';

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