查看此docker网络连接模式_Docker 网络模式（四种）详细介绍

Docker 网络模式

本文首先介绍了Docker自身的4种网络工作方式，

Docker作为目前最火的轻量级容器技术，有很多令人称道的功能，如Docker的镜像管理。然而，Docker同样有着很多不完善的地方，网络方面就是Docker比较薄弱的部分。因此，我们有必要深入了解Docker的网络知识，以满足更高的网络需求。

四种网络模式

我们在使用docker run创建Docker容器时，可以用–net选项指定容器的网络模式，Docker有以下4种网络模式：

· host模式，使用–net=host指定。

· container模式，使用–net=container:NAME_or_ID指定。

· none模式，使用–net=none指定。

· bridge模式，使用–net=bridge指定，默认设置。

1 host模式

众所周知，Docker使用了Linux的Namespaces技术来进行资源隔离，如PID Namespace隔离进程，Mount Namespace隔离文件系统，Network Namespace隔离网络等。一个Network Namespace提供了一份独立的网络环境，包括网卡、路由、Iptable规则等都与其他的Network Namespace隔离。一个Docker容器一般会分配一个独立的Network Namespace。但如果启动容器的时候使用host模式，那么这个容器将不会获得一个独立的Network Namespace，而是和宿主机共用一个Network Namespace。容器将不会虚拟出自己的网卡，配置自己的IP等，而是使用宿主机的IP和端口。

例如，我们在10.10.101.105/24的机器上用host模式启动一个含有web应用的Docker容器，监听tcp80端口。当我们在容器中执行任何类似ifconfig命令查看网络环境时，看到的都是宿主机上的信息。而外界访问容器中的应用，则直接使用10.10.101.105:80即可，不用任何NAT转换，就如直接跑在宿主机中一样。但是，容器的其他方面，如文件系统、进程列表等还是和宿主机隔离的。

2 container模式

在理解了host模式后，这个模式也就好理解了。这个模式指定新创建的容器和已经存在的一个容器共享一个Network Namespace，而不是和宿主机共享。新创建的容器不会创建自己的网卡，配置自己的IP，而是和一个指定的容器共享IP、端口范围等。同样，两个容器除了网络方面，其他的如文件系统、进程列表等还是隔离的。两个容器的进程可以通过lo网卡设备通信。

3 none模式

这个模式和前两个不同。在这种模式下，Docker容器拥有自己的Network Namespace，但是，并不为Docker容器进行任何网络配置。也就是说，这个Docker容器没有网卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我们自己为Docker容器添加网卡、配置IP等。

4 bridge模式

bridge模式是Docker默认的网络设置，此模式会为每一个容器分配Network Namespace、设置IP等，并将一个主机上的Docker容器连接到一个虚拟网桥上。下面着重介绍一下此模式。

host模式

使用Docker run时使用–net=host指定

Docker使用的网络实际上和宿主机一样，在容器内看到的网卡ip是宿主机上的ip。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it –rm –net=host centos_with_net bash

–rm，退出镜像时同时删除该镜像

[root@localhost /]# ifconfig

docker0: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 172.17.42.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0

inet6 fe80::8cfc:c7ff:fe49:f1ae prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 4e:90:a4:b6:91:91 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 58 bytes 3820 (3.7 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 6 bytes 468 (468.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 192.168.1.179 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:b228 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 00:0c:29:db:b2:28 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 10562 bytes (847.6 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 2985 bytes (381.5 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 16 bytes 960 (960.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 16 bytes 960 (960.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::c0f4:f5ff:fe71:f3bd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether c2:f4:f5:71:f3:bd txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 49 bytes 3894 (3.8 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth111b1ca: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::4c90:a4ff:feb6:9191 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 4e:90:a4:b6:91:91 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 13 bytes 1026 (1.0 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth55dbbb2: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::c84d:9ff:fecd:da27 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether ca:4d:09:cd:da:27 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 42 bytes 3336 (3.2 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth5e2dff4: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::9465:1bff:fed2:f75d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 96:65:1b:d2:f7:5d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 20 bytes 1584 (1.5 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

veth628d605: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::5cc8:ebff:fedb:ea69 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 5e:c8:eb:db:ea:69 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 6 bytes 468 (468.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

vethe: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::b464:e5ff:fed5:1bd6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether b6:64:e5:d5:1b:d6 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 7 bytes 558 (558.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 27 bytes 2142 (2.0 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

vethb086b1c: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet6 fe80::dcdf:66ff:fed8:f2df prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether de:df:66:d8:f2:df txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 8 bytes 636 (636.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 34 bytes 2700 (2.6 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

[root@localhost /]# exit

exit

与宿主机的IP信息对比

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig

docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4E:90:A4:B6:91:91

inet addr:172.17.42.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0

inet6 addr: fe80::8cfc:c7ff:fe49:f1ae/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:3820 (3.7 KiB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:DB:B2:28

inet addr:192.168.1.179 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:b228/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:10661 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:3012 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes: (856.2 KiB) TX bytes: (388.7 KiB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

veth5e2dff4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:65:1B:D2:F7:5D

inet6 addr: fe80::9465:1bff:fed2:f75d/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:1584 (1.5 KiB)

vethb086b1c Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr DE:DF:66:D8:F2:DF

inet6 addr: fe80::dcdf:66ff:fed8:f2df/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:636 (636.0 b) TX bytes:2700 (2.6 KiB)

veth55dbbb2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr CA:4D:09:CD:DA:27

inet6 addr: fe80::c84d:9ff:fecd:da27/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:3336 (3.2 KiB)

veth111b1ca Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4E:90:A4:B6:91:91

inet6 addr: fe80::4c90:a4ff:feb6:9191/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:1026 (1.0 KiB)

veth628d605 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5E:C8:EB:DB:EA:69

inet6 addr: fe80::5cc8:ebff:fedb:ea69/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)

vethe Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B6:64:E5:D5:1B:D6

inet6 addr: fe80::b464:e5ff:fed5:1bd6/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:2142 (2.0 KiB)

veth Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr C2:F4:F5:71:F3:BD

inet6 addr: fe80::c0f4:f5ff:fe71:f3bd/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:49 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:558 (558.0 b) TX bytes:3894 (3.8 KiB)

container模式

使用–net=Container:container_id/container_name，多个容器使用共同的网络看到的ip是一样的。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

7169e8be6d3e centos “/bin/bash” About an hour ago Up About an hour serene_goldstine

4cdbbe centos “bash” About an hour ago Up About an hour cent_testv2

4f5bf6f33f2c centos “bash” About an hour ago Up About an hour gloomy_colden

0ac9 centos “bash” About an hour ago Up About an hour mad_carson

fb45150dbc21 centos “bash” About an hour ago Up About an hour cent_testv

3222c7c5c456 centos “bash” 2 hours ago Up 2 hours sick_albattani

e136b27a8e17 centos “bash” 2 hours ago Up 2 hours tender_euclid

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 7169 bash

[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig

bash: ifconfig: command not found

[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# yum install -y net-tools ifconfig

[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig

eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 172.17.0.8 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0

inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 02:42:ac:11:00:08 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 5938 bytes (14.7 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 4841 bytes (321.9 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# exit

exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it –rm –net=container:7169 centos_with_net bash

[root@7169e8be6d3e /]# ifconfig

eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 172.17.0.8 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0

inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 02:42:ac:11:00:08 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 5942 bytes (14.7 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 4855 bytes (322.7 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

none模式

使用–net=none指定，这种模式下不会配置任何网络。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it –rm –net=none centos_with_net bash

[root@67d0 /]# ifconfig

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

bridge模式(默认模式)

使用–net=bridge指定，不用指定默认就是这种网络模式。这种模式会为每个容器分配一个独立的Network Namespace。类似于Vmware的nat网络模式。同一个宿主机上的所有容器会在同一个网段下，相互之间是可以通信的。

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