第四章：redis 数组结构的set和一些通用命令「建议收藏」

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存储set ，set不允许有重复元素；

设置 获取元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a b c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "b"

插入相同元素只保留一个：

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a e f
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
1) "a"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"
5) "f"

删除多个元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "c"
2) "b"
3) "e"
4) "f"
127.0.0.1:6379> serm set1 c f
(error) ERR unknown command 'serm'
127.0.0.1:6379> srem set1 c f
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"

simember key 判断某个元素是否存在，返回1为存在，返回0 为不存在

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS key e
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'smembers' command
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER key e
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 e
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 r
(integer) 0

sdiff以前面的集合为参考，计算差集：

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 b c d e
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set3
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "b"
4) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set3 set2
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set1
1) "d"
2) "c"

sinter计算交集 sunion 计算并集：

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2
1) "e"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"

scard计算元素总数：

127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD set1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"

srandmember随机取一个或多个数：

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set2
"e"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set2 2
1) "d"
2) "c"

sdiffstore把差集结果存储到一个新的集合中

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "e"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFFSTORE r set1 set2
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFFSTORE r set2 set1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS r
1) "d"
2) "c"

sunionstore把交集结果存储到一个新的集合中：

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNIONSTORE r2 set1 set2
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS r2
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "c"
4) "b"

下面我们说说sorted-set有序排序的数据结构，也就是集合元素是有序排列的：

zadd 添加元素，这里我们以成绩和姓名为例，这里按成绩的从小到高排列的：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort2 2 xiaoming 3 xiaohua 1 xiaohong
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaoming"
3) "xiaohua"

zadd添加元素，有则更新，无则添加，也就是没有重复的值：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort2 2 xiaoming 3 xiaohua 1 xiaohong
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaoming"
3) "xiaohua"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD sort2 6 xiaoming
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohua"
3) "xiaoming"
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort2 4 xiaoliang
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohua"
3) "xiaoliang"
4) "xiaoming"

zrem删除元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohua"
3) "xiaoliang"
4) "xiaoming"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem sort2  xiaohua
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaoliang"
3) "xiaoming"

zcard查看元素个数：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaoliang"
3) "xiaoming"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD sort2 
(integer) 3

把分数和姓名都显示出来：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaohong"
2) "1"
3) "xiaoliang"
4) "4"
5) "xiaoming"
6) "6"

zrevrange降序排列：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaoming"
2) "6"
3) "xiaoliang"
4) "4"
5) "xiaohong"
6) "1"

新增两个元素，根据排名删除元素，这里删除前三个：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD sort2 2 xiaohuang
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD sort2 3 xiaozi
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohuang"
3) "xiaozi"
4) "xiaoliang"
5) "xiaoming"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK sort2 0 2
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaoliang"
2) "xiaoming"

zremrangebyscore 根据具体分数范围删除元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
 1) "xiaohong"
 2) "1"
 3) "xiaohuang"
 4) "2"
 5) "xiaozi"
 6) "3"
 7) "xiaoliang"
 8) "4"
 9) "xiaoming"
10) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYscore sort2 2 5
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaoming"

再增加元素，然后根据分数范围查找：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort2 2 xiaohuang 3 xiaozi 4 xiaoliang
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohuang"
3) "xiaozi"
4) "xiaoliang"
5) "xiaoming"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE sort2 2 5
1) "xiaohuang"
2) "xiaozi"
3) "xiaoliang"

limit类似分页查找：

127.0.0.1:6379>  ZRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
 1) "xiaohong"
 2) "1"
 3) "xiaohuang"
 4) "2"
 5) "xiaozi"
 6) "3"
 7) "xiaoliang"
 8) "4"
 9) "xiaoming"
10) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE sort2 0 9 limit 0 2
1) "xiaohong"
2) "xiaohuang"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE sort2 0 9 withscores limit 0 2
1) "xiaohong"
2) "1"
3) "xiaohuang"
4) "2"

zincrby加分：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY sort2 10 xiaohong
"11"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1
1) "xiaohuang"
2) "xiaozi"
3) "xiaoliang"
4) "xiaoming"
5) "xiaohong"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
 1) "xiaohuang"
 2) "2"
 3) "xiaozi"
 4) "3"
 5) "xiaoliang"
 6) "4"
 7) "xiaoming"
 8) "6"
 9) "xiaohong"
10) "11"

zcount计算某个评分范围内的个数：

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE sort2 0 -1 withscores
 1) "xiaohuang"
 2) "2"
 3) "xiaozi"
 4) "3"
 5) "xiaoliang"
 6) "4"
 7) "xiaoming"
 8) "6"
 9) "xiaohong"
10) "11"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT sort2 0 20
(integer) 5

redis的一些通用操作：

关键字查找key：

127.0.0.1:6379> keys s*
1) "sort2"
2) "set2"
3) "set1"
4) "sort"
5) "sort1"

查找s开头，后面只跟一个字符的key:

127.0.0.1:6379> set s1 aa
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> key s*
(error) ERR unknown command 'key'
127.0.0.1:6379> keys s?
1) "s1"

del删除元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> del sort s1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> keys s*
1) "sort2"
2) "set2"
3) "set1"
4) "sort1"

rename重命名：

127.0.0.1:6379> set s2 ss
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> rename s2 s3
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get s3
"ss"

expire设置有效时间，单位是秒：

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE s3 12
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> s3 ttl
(error) ERR unknown command 's3'
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s3
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> get s3
(nil)

type查看数据类型：

127.0.0.1:6379> type sort2
zset
127.0.0.1:6379> type name
string
127.0.0.1:6379> type l1
list