Vagrant基本命令详解

正在学习Docker Swarm，接触到了Vagrant。Vagrant是一个创建虚拟机的技术，可以把它认为是一个Vmware，它让我们可以通过代码的方式快速地、可重复地创建针对不同虚拟环境的虚拟机，包括Virtualbox、AWS、Docker等。它使得我们可以一次性地、自动创建多个环境相同的虚拟机，对于软件开发和测试尤其有用，以下是在使用过程中常用到的一些基本命令。

1. 显示当前版本

# vagrant --version Vagrant 2.0.2 

2. 列出所有Box

#vagrant box list iamseth/rhel-7.3 (virtualbox, 1.0.0) 

3. 添加一个Box

#vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path> 

1）可以从https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search下载各种Vagrant映像文件

#vagrant box add ubuntu/trusty64 

2) 通过指定的URL添加远程box

#vagrant box add https://atlas.hashicorp.com/ubuntu/boxes/trusty64 

3) 添加一个本地box

命令格式如下

# vagrant box add {box_name} {file_path} 

示例如下:

# vagrant box add CentOS7.1 file:///D:/Work/VagrantBoxes/CentOS-7.1.1503-x86_64-netboot.box 

4. 初始化一个新VM

# vagrant init ubuntu/trustry64 

此命令会在当前目录创建一个名为Vagrantfile的配置文件，内容大致如下：

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64" end 

当在此目录启动Vagrant后，Vagrant会从互联网下载“ubuntu/trusty64”这个box到本地，并使用它作为VM的映像。

5. 初始化一个新VM

# vagrant up 

如果我们想启动任意VM，首先进入有Vagrantfile配置文件的目录，然后执行上面的命令。控制台的输出通常如下：

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider... ==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu/trusty64'... ==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking... ==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/trusty64' is up to date... ==> default: Setting the name of the VM: start_default_1518789015107_16928 ==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports... Vagrant is currently configured to create VirtualBox synced folders with the `SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate` option enabled. If the Vagrant guest is not trusted, you may want to disable this option. For more information on this option, please refer to the VirtualBox manual: https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sharedfolders This option can be disabled globally with an environment variable: VAGRANT_DISABLE_VBOXSYMLINKCREATE=1 or on a per folder basis within the Vagrantfile: config.vm.synced_folder '/host/path', '/guest/path', SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate: false ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces... ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat ==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1) ==> default: Booting VM... ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key default: default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. default: default: Inserting generated public key within guest... default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key... ==> default: Machine booted and ready! ==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM... default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on default: your host and reload your VM. default: default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.36 default: VirtualBox Version: 5.2 ==> default: Mounting shared folders... default: /vagrant => /Users/qianlong/DockerProjects/vagrant/start 

6.启用SSH登陆VM

进入Vagrantfile配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant ssh 

如果需要从虚拟机中退出，直接在虚拟机中的命令行输入exit命令即可

7. 查看VM当前的状态

进入Vagrantfile配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant status 

如果VM正在运行，你可以在控制台中看到如下信息：

Current machine states: default running (virtualbox) The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again, simply run `vagrant up`. 

8.关闭VM

进入Vagrantfile配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant halt 

9.销毁VM

命令格式如下：

vagrant destory [name|id] 

示例如下：

# vagrant destroy ubuntu/trusty64 

如果我们是使用了默认的虚拟机名”default”，那其实我们可以直接输入如下命令销毁VM

# vagrant desotry 

运行结果如下：

 default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y ==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM... ==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives... 

需要注意的是，我们要慎重使用该命令，该命令会停止VM的运行，并销毁所有在VM中创建的资源