scrapy爬虫完整的代码实例[通俗易懂]

全栈程序员-站长 • 2022年6月26日下午3:46 • 未分类 • 阅读 32

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新建工程

scrapy startproject tutorial

进入tutorial目录，在spider下面新建quotes_spider.py

import scrapy
from ..items import QuotesItem

#coding:utf-8

class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "quotes"
    allowed_domain = "toscrape.com"

    def start_requests(self):
        for i in range(1,2):
            url = "http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/" + str(i) + "/"
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse)


    def parse(self, response):
        item = QuotesItem()
        for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
            item['text'] = quote.css('span.text::text').get(),
            item['author'] = quote.css('small.author::text').get(),
            item['tags'] = quote.css('div.tags a.tag::text').getall()
            yield item

进入items.py,代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class TutorialItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

class QuotesItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    text = scrapy.Field()
    author = scrapy.Field()
    tags = scrapy.Field()
    pass

进入pipelines.py进行设置，对数据进行清洗

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class TutorialPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item

class QuotesPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self,item, spider):
        if item['text']:
            item['text'] = item['text'][0][1:-1]
        if item['author']:
            item['author'] = item['author'][0][1:-1]
        return item

进入setting.py，修改相关配置

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'tutorial.pipelines.TutorialPipeline': 300,
   'tutorial.pipelines.QuotesPipeline': 500,
}
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'

进行命令行，执行爬虫

scrapy crawl quotes -o quotes.jl

import json
import codecs

class JsonPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = codecs.open('logs.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
        self.file.write(line)
        return item
    def spider_closed(self, spider):
        self.file.close()

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