grep命令详解（常用参数）

grep命令详解：

grep版本：

# grep -V grep (GNU grep) 2.20 ... 

grep –help（或者”man grep”）查看详细语法及参数

语法： grep [选项]... 模式[文件]... 

# grep --help Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]... Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. #在每个文件或标准输入中搜索PATTERN。 PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE). #PATTERN默认为基本正则表达式(basic regular expression, BRE)。 Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c #例如:grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c Regexp selection and interpretation: #正则表达式的选择和解释: -E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE) #模式是一种扩展的常规表达方式 -F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings #模式将样式视为固定字符串的列表,是一组新行分隔的固定字符串 -G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE) #模式是一个基本的正则表达式(BRE) -P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression #模式是一个Perl正则表达式  -e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching #使用PATTERN进行匹配 -f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions -w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words -x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines -z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline Miscellaneous: #杂项 -s, --no-messages suppress error messages -v, --invert-match select non-matching lines -V, --version display version information and exit --help display this help text and exit Output control: -m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches -b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines -n, --line-number print line number with output lines --line-buffered flush output on every line -H, --with-filename print the file name for each match -h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output --label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN -q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output --binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE; TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match' -a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text -I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match -d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories; ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip' -D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets; ACTION is 'read' or 'skip' -r, --recursive like --directories=recurse -R, --dereference-recursive likewise, but follow all symlinks --include=FILE_PATTERN search only files that match FILE_PATTERN --exclude=FILE_PATTERN skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN --exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE --exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped. -L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match -l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE -T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed) -Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name Context control: -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context -NUM same as --context=NUM --group-separator=SEP use SEP as a group separator --no-group-separator use empty string as a group separator --color[=WHEN], --colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings; WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto' -U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows) -u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS/Windows) 'egrep' means 'grep -E'. 'fgrep' means 'grep -F'. Direct invocation as either 'egrep' or 'fgrep' is deprecated. When FILE is -, read standard input. With no FILE, read . if a command-line -r is given, - otherwise. If fewer than two FILEs are given, assume -h. Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise; if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2. Report bugs to:  GNU Grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> # 

grep命令常用示例：（比如在file1文件中搜索error字段）

1、比较两个文件并输出相同部分的内容 grep -wf file1 file2 2、查找某一个字段 (1)、查看文件中某一个字段所在行并显示该行之前10行 grep error -B 10 file1 (2)、查看文件中某一个字段所在行并显示该行之后10行 grep error -A 10 file1 (3)、查看文件中某一个字段所在行并显示该行上下10行 grep error -C 10 file1 3、反向搜索，输出不匹配该字段的行 grep -v error file1 4、显示匹配的字段所在的行号 grep -n error file1 5、匹配多个字段 grep -e error -e successfuled file1 6、使用正则表达式搜索(例子：匹配含有“error”或者“:”和”error:“三种的字符串所在的行) grep [error:] file1