python zipfile_python zipfile模块学习笔记（一）

ZIP文件格式是一种常见的存档和压缩标准，这个zipfile模块提供了工具来创建、读取、写入、附加和列出一个ZIP文件。使用ZIP64扩展(即压缩文件大小超过4G)，它能解压加密的ZIP文件，解密过程很慢。

1、测试是否为ZIP文件

is_zipfile()函数会返回一个布尔值来表示是否为ZIP文件，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python

import zipfile

for filename in [‘print_name.py’, ‘python.zip’, ‘uwsgi’, ‘admin’]:

print ‘%20s %s’ % (filename, zipfile.is_zipfile(filename))

如果文件不存在或者不是ZIP文件会返回False。

[root@www home]# python zipfile_is_zipfile.py

print_name.py False

python.zip True

uwsgi False

admin False

2、读取ZIP文件的内容

#!/usr/bin/env python

import zipfile

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘python.zip’, ‘r’)

print zf.namelist()

使用namelist() 函数，返回结果是一个列表

[root@www home]# python zipfile_namelist.py

[‘test.txt’]

#这只能查看ZIP文件的部分内容，使用infolist() 或者 getinfo() 可以从ZIP文件中获取更多信息，代码如下：

import datetime

import zipfile

def print_info(archive_name):

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(archive_name)

for info in zf.infolist():

print info.filename

print ‘\tComment:\t’, info.comment

print ‘\tModified:\t’, datetime.datetime(*info.date_time)

print ‘\tSystem:\t\t’, info.create_system, ‘(0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)’

print ‘\tZIP version:\t’, info.create_version

print ‘\tCompressed:\t’, info.compress_size, ‘bytes’

print ‘\tUncompressed:\t’, info.file_size, ‘bytes’

print

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

print_info(‘python.zip’)

执行上面代码显示如下结果：

[root@www home]# python zipfile_infolist.py

test.txt

Comment:

Modified:   2013-09-06 20:09:58

System:     3 (0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)

ZIP version:    20

Compressed: 419430400 bytes

Uncompressed:   419430400 bytes

使用getinfo()函数可以在ZIP文件内查找内容，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import zipfile

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘python.zip’)

for filename in [‘test.txt’, ‘notthere.txt’]:

try:

info = zf.getinfo(filename)

except KeyError:

print ‘ERROR: Did not find %s in zip file’ % filename

else:

print “%s is %d bytes” % (info.filename, info.file_size)

如果需要查找的不存在ZIP文档里，会返回一个KeyError错误。

[root@www home]# python zipfile_getinfo.py

test.txt is 419430400 bytes

ERROR: Did not find notthere.txt in zip file

3、从一个ZIP文档中提取文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

import zipfile

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘python.zip’)

for filename in [‘test.txt’, ‘notihere.txt’]:

try:

data = zf.read(filename)

except KeyError:

print ‘ERROR: Did not find %s in zip file’ % filename

else:

print filename, ‘:’

print repr(data)

print

要提取的文件会被自动解压：

[root@www home]# python zipfile_read.py

README.txt :

‘The examples for the zipfile module use this file and example.zip as data.\n’

ERROR: Did not find notthere.txt in zip file

4、创建一个新的ZIP文件

创建新的ZIP归档文件代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

from zipfile_infolist import print_info

import zipfile

print ‘creating archive’

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘zipfile_write.zip’, ‘w’)

try:

print ‘adding text.txt’

zf.write(‘text.txt’)

finally:

print ‘closing’

zf.close()

print

print_info(‘zipfile_write.zip’)

默认情况下不会对文件进行压缩：

[root@www home]# python zipfile_write.py

creating archive

adding text.txt

closing

text.txt

Comment:

Modified:   2013-09-06 20:39:52

System:     3 (0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)

ZIP version:    20

Compressed: 104857600 bytes

Uncompressed:   104857600 bytes

如果要对文件进行压缩，zlib模块是必须的，如果zlib可以使用，你可以使用zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED设置压缩模式为单个文件或者归档一个整体。默认的压缩模式是zipfile.ZIP_STORED。

#!/usr/bin/env python

from zipfile_infolist import print_info

import zipfile

try:

import zlib

compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED

except:

compression = zipfile.ZIP_STORED

modes = { zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED: ‘deflated’,

zipfile.ZIP_STORED:   ‘stored’,

}

print ‘creating archive’

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘zipfile_write_compression.zip’, mode=’w’)

try:

print ‘adding text.txt with compression mode’, modes[compression]

zf.write(‘text.txt’, compress_type=compression)

finally:

print ‘closing’

zf.close()

print

print_info(‘zipfile_write_compression.zip’)

这次文件被压缩：

[root@www home]# python zipfile_write_compression.py

creating archive

adding text.txt with compression mode deflated

closing

text.txt

Comment:

Modified:   2013-09-06 20:39:52

System:     3 (0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)

ZIP version:    20

Compressed: 101923 bytes

Uncompressed:   104857600 bytes

替换原始文件名：

#!/usr/bin/env python

from zipfile_infolist import print_info

import zipfile

zf = zipfile.ZipFile(‘zipfile_write_arcname.zip’, mode=’w’)

try:

zf.write(‘text.txt’, arcname=’NOT_README.txt’)

finally:

zf.close()

print_info(‘zipfile_write_arcname.zip’)

结果显示原始文件名已经被替换了：

[root@www home]# python zipfile_write_arcname.py

NOT_README.txt

Comment:

Modified:   2013-09-06 20:39:52

System:     3 (0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)

ZIP version:    20

Compressed: 104857600 bytes

Uncompressed:   104857600 bytes

更多博文请移步：linux开源技术博客 http://www.chlinux.net

本文参考：http://docs.python.org/2/library/zipfile

http://pymotw.com/2/zipfile/

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