MapStruct
使用MapStruct
首先来了解一下DTO,DTO简单的理解就是做数据传输对象的,类似于VO,但是VO用于传输到前端。(~~)
1.MapStruct是用来做什么的?
@AllArgsConstructor @Data public class User {
private Long id; private String username; private String password; private String phoneNum; private String email; private Role role; }
Role.java
@AllArgsConstructor @Data public class Role {
private Long id; private String roleName; private String description; }
UserRoleDto.java,这个类就是封装的类
@Data public class UserRoleDto {
/ * 用户id */ private Long userId; / * 用户名 */ private String name; / * 角色名 */ private String roleName; }
测试类,模拟将user对象转换成UserRoleDto对象
public class MainTest {
User user = null; / * 模拟从数据库中查出user对象 */ @Before public void before() {
Role role = new Role(2L, "administrator", "超级管理员"); user = new User(1L, "zhangsan", "12345", "", "", role); } / * 模拟把user对象转换成UserRoleDto对象 */ @Test public void test1() {
UserRoleDto userRoleDto = new UserRoleDto(); userRoleDto.setUserId(user.getId()); userRoleDto.setName(user.getUsername()); userRoleDto.setRoleName(user.getRole().getRoleName()); System.out.println(userRoleDto); } }
从上面代码可以看出,通过getter、setter的方式把一个对象属性值复制到另一个对象中去还是很麻烦的,尤其是当属性过多的时候。而MapStruct就是用于解决这种问题的。
2.使用MapStruct解决上述问题
import org.mapstruct.Mapper; import org.mapstruct.Mapping; import org.mapstruct.Mappings; import org.mapstruct.factory.Mappers; / * @Mapper 定义这是一个MapStruct对象属性转换接口,在这个类里面规定转换规则 * 在项目构建时,会自动生成改接口的实现类,这个实现类将实现对象属性值复制 */ @Mapper public interface UserRoleMapper {
/ * 获取该类自动生成的实现类的实例 * 接口中的属性都是 public static final 的 方法都是public abstract的 */ UserRoleMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper.class); / * 这个方法就是用于实现对象属性复制的方法 * * @Mapping 用来定义属性复制规则 source 指定源对象属性 target指定目标对象属性 * * @param user 这个参数就是源对象,也就是需要被复制的对象 * @return 返回的是目标对象,就是最终的结果对象 */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) UserRoleDto toUserRoleDto(User user); }
在测试类中测试:
public class MainTest {
User user = null; / * 模拟从数据库中查出user对象 */ @Before public void before() {
Role role = new Role(2L, "administrator", "超级管理员"); user = new User(1L, "zhangsan", "12345", "", "", role); } / * 模拟通过MapStruct把user对象转换成UserRoleDto对象 */ @Test public void test2() {
UserRoleDto userRoleDto = UserRoleMapper.INSTANCES.toUserRoleDto(user); System.out.println(userRoleDto); } }
通过上面的例子可以看出,使用MapStruct方便许多。
3.添加默认方法
添加默认方法是为了这个类(接口)不只是为了做数据转换用的,也可以做一些其他的事。
import org.mapstruct.Mapper; import org.mapstruct.Mapping; import org.mapstruct.Mappings; import org.mapstruct.factory.Mappers; / * @Mapper 定义这是一个MapStruct对象属性转换接口,在这个类里面规定转换规则 * 在项目构建时,会自动生成改接口的实现类,这个实现类将实现对象属性值复制 */ @Mapper public interface UserRoleMapper {
/ * 获取该类自动生成的实现类的实例 * 接口中的属性都是 public static final 的 方法都是public abstract的 */ UserRoleMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper.class); / * 这个方法就是用于实现对象属性复制的方法 * * @Mapping 用来定义属性复制规则 source 指定源对象属性 target指定目标对象属性 * * @param user 这个参数就是源对象,也就是需要被复制的对象 * @return 返回的是目标对象,就是最终的结果对象 */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) UserRoleDto toUserRoleDto(User user); / * 提供默认方法,方法自己定义,这个方法是我随便写的,不是要按照这个格式来的 * @return */ default UserRoleDto defaultConvert() {
UserRoleDto userRoleDto = new UserRoleDto(); userRoleDto.setUserId(0L); userRoleDto.setName("None"); userRoleDto.setRoleName("None"); return userRoleDto; } }
测试代码:
@Test public void test3() {
UserRoleMapper userRoleMapperInstances = UserRoleMapper.INSTANCES; UserRoleDto userRoleDto = userRoleMapperInstances.defaultConvert(); System.out.println(userRoleDto); }
4. 可以使用abstract class来代替接口
mapper可以用接口来实现,也可以完全由抽象来完全代替
import org.mapstruct.Mapper; import org.mapstruct.Mapping; import org.mapstruct.Mappings; import org.mapstruct.factory.Mappers; / * @Mapper 定义这是一个MapStruct对象属性转换接口,在这个类里面规定转换规则 * 在项目构建时,会自动生成改接口的实现类,这个实现类将实现对象属性值复制 */ @Mapper public abstract class UserRoleMapper {
/ * 获取该类自动生成的实现类的实例 * 接口中的属性都是 public static final 的 方法都是public abstract的 */ public static final UserRoleMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper.class); / * 这个方法就是用于实现对象属性复制的方法 * * @Mapping 用来定义属性复制规则 source 指定源对象属性 target指定目标对象属性 * * @param user 这个参数就是源对象,也就是需要被复制的对象 * @return 返回的是目标对象,就是最终的结果对象 */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) public abstract UserRoleDto toUserRoleDto(User user); / * 提供默认方法,方法自己定义,这个方法是我随便写的,不是要按照这个格式来的 * @return */ UserRoleDto defaultConvert() {
UserRoleDto userRoleDto = new UserRoleDto(); userRoleDto.setUserId(0L); userRoleDto.setName("None"); userRoleDto.setRoleName("None"); return userRoleDto; } }
5.可以使用多个参数
可以绑定多个对象的属性值到目标对象中:
package com.mapstruct.demo; import org.mapstruct.Mapper; import org.mapstruct.Mapping; import org.mapstruct.Mappings; import org.mapstruct.factory.Mappers; / * @Mapper 定义这是一个MapStruct对象属性转换接口,在这个类里面规定转换规则 * 在项目构建时,会自动生成改接口的实现类,这个实现类将实现对象属性值复制 */ @Mapper public interface UserRoleMapper {
/ * 获取该类自动生成的实现类的实例 * 接口中的属性都是 public static final 的 方法都是public abstract的 */ UserRoleMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper.class); / * 这个方法就是用于实现对象属性复制的方法 * * @Mapping 用来定义属性复制规则 source 指定源对象属性 target指定目标对象属性 * * @param user 这个参数就是源对象,也就是需要被复制的对象 * @return 返回的是目标对象,就是最终的结果对象 */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) UserRoleDto toUserRoleDto(User user); / * 多个参数中的值绑定 * @param user 源1 * @param role 源2 * @return 从源1、2中提取出的结果 */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "user.id", target = "userId"), // 把user中的id绑定到目标对象的userId属性中 @Mapping(source = "user.username", target = "name"), // 把user中的username绑定到目标对象的name属性中 @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") // 把role对象的roleName属性值绑定到目标对象的roleName中 }) UserRoleDto toUserRoleDto(User user, Role role);
对比两个方法~
5.直接使用参数作为属性值
package com.mapstruct.demo; import org.mapstruct.Mapper; import org.mapstruct.Mapping; import org.mapstruct.Mappings; import org.mapstruct.factory.Mappers; / * @Mapper 定义这是一个MapStruct对象属性转换接口,在这个类里面规定转换规则 * 在项目构建时,会自动生成改接口的实现类,这个实现类将实现对象属性值复制 */ @Mapper public interface UserRoleMapper {
/ * 获取该类自动生成的实现类的实例 * 接口中的属性都是 public static final 的 方法都是public abstract的 */ UserRoleMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper.class); / * 直接使用参数作为值 * @param user * @param myRoleName * @return */ @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "user.id", target = "userId"), // 把user中的id绑定到目标对象的userId属性中 @Mapping(source = "user.username", target = "name"), // 把user中的username绑定到目标对象的name属性中 @Mapping(source = "myRoleName", target = "roleName") // 把role对象的roleName属性值绑定到目标对象的roleName中 }) UserRoleDto useParameter(User user, String myRoleName); }
测试类:
public class Test1 {
Role role = null; User user = null; @Before public void before() {
role = new Role(2L, "administrator", "超级管理员"); user = new User(1L, "zhangsan", "12345", "", "", role); } @Test public void test1() {
UserRoleMapper instances = UserRoleMapper.INSTANCES; UserRoleDto userRoleDto = instances.useParameter(user, "myUserRole"); System.out.println(userRoleDto); } }
6.更新对象属性
在之前的例子中UserRoleDto useParameter(User user, String myRoleName);都是通过类似上面的方法来生成一个对象。而MapStruct提供了另外一种方式来更新一个对象中的属性。@MappingTarget
public interface UserRoleMapper1 {
UserRoleMapper1 INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(UserRoleMapper1.class); @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "userId", target = "id"), @Mapping(source = "name", target = "username"), @Mapping(source = "roleName", target = "role.roleName") }) void updateDto(UserRoleDto userRoleDto, @MappingTarget User user); @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) void update(User user, @MappingTarget UserRoleDto userRoleDto); }
通过@MappingTarget来指定目标类是谁(谁的属性需要被更新)。@Mapping还是用来定义属性对应规则。
以此为例说明:
@Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "id", target = "userId"), @Mapping(source = "username", target = "name"), @Mapping(source = "role.roleName", target = "roleName") }) void update(User user, @MappingTarget UserRoleDto userRoleDto);
@MappingTarget标注的类UserRoleDto 为目标类,user类为源类,调用此方法,会把源类中的属性更新到目标类中。更新规则还是由@Mapping指定。
7.没有getter/setter也能赋值
对于没有getter/setter的属性也能实现赋值操作
public class Customer {
private Long id; private String name; //getters and setter omitted for brevity } public class CustomerDto {
public Long id; public String customerName; } @Mapper public interface CustomerMapper {
CustomerMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper( CustomerMapper.class ); @Mapping(source = "customerName", target = "name") Customer toCustomer(CustomerDto customerDto); @InheritInverseConfiguration CustomerDto fromCustomer(Customer customer); }
@Mapping(source = “customerName”, target = “name”)不是用来指定属性映射的,如果两个对象的属性名相同是可以省略@Mapping的。
MapStruct生成的实现类:
@Generated( value = "org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor", date = "2019-02-14T15:41:21+0800", comments = "version: 1.3.0.Final, compiler: javac, environment: Java 1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation)" ) public class CustomerMapperImpl implements CustomerMapper {
@Override public Customer toCustomer(CustomerDto customerDto) {
if ( customerDto == null ) {
return null; } Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setName( customerDto.customerName ); customer.setId( customerDto.id ); return customer; } @Override public CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer) {
if ( customer == null ) {
return null; } CustomerDto customerDto = new CustomerDto(); customerDto.customerName = customer.getName(); customerDto.id = customer.getId(); return customerDto; } }
@InheritInverseConfiguration在这里的作用就是实现customerDto.customerName = customer.getName();功能的。如果没有这个注解,toCustomerDto这个方法则不会有customerName 和name两个属性的对应关系的。
8.使用Spring依赖注入
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Customer {
private Long id; private String name; } @Data public class CustomerDto {
private Long id; private String customerName; } // 这里主要是这个componentModel 属性,它的值就是当前要使用的依赖注入的环境 @Mapper(componentModel = "spring") public interface CustomerMapper {
@Mapping(source = "name", target = "customerName") CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer); }
@Mapper(componentModel = “spring”),表示把当前Mapper类纳入spring容器。可以在其它类中直接注入了:
@SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DemoMapstructApplication {
// 注入Mapper @Autowired private CustomerMapper mapper; public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoMapstructApplication.class, args); } @GetMapping("/test") public String test() {
Customer customer = new Customer(1L, "zhangsan"); CustomerDto customerDto = mapper.toCustomerDto(customer); return customerDto.toString(); } }
看一下由mapstruct自动生成的类文件,会发现标记了@Component注解。
@Generated( value = "org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor", date = "2019-02-14T15:54:17+0800", comments = "version: 1.3.0.Final, compiler: javac, environment: Java 1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation)" ) @Component public class CustomerMapperImpl implements CustomerMapper {
@Override public CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer) {
if ( customer == null ) {
return null; } CustomerDto customerDto = new CustomerDto(); customerDto.setCustomerName( customer.getName() ); customerDto.setId( customer.getId() ); return customerDto; } }
9.自定义类型转换
有时候,在对象转换的时候可能会出现这样一个问题,就是源对象中的类型是Boolean类型,而目标对象类型是String类型,这种情况可以通过@Mapper的uses属性来实现:
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Customer {
private Long id; private String name; private Boolean isDisable; } @Data public class CustomerDto {
private Long id; private String customerName; private String disable; }
定义转换规则的类:
public class BooleanStrFormat {
public String toStr(Boolean isDisable) {
if (isDisable) {
return "Y"; } else {
return "N"; } } public Boolean toBoolean(String str) {
if (str.equals("Y")) {
return true; } else {
return false; } } }
定义Mapper,@Mapper( uses = { BooleanStrFormat.class}),注意,这里的users属性用于引用之前定义的转换规则的类:
@Mapper( uses = {
BooleanStrFormat.class}) public interface CustomerMapper {
CustomerMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(CustomerMapper.class); @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "name", target = "customerName"), @Mapping(source = "isDisable", target = "disable") }) CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer); }
@Generated( value = "org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor", date = "2019-02-14T16:49:18+0800", comments = "version: 1.3.0.Final, compiler: javac, environment: Java 1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation)" ) public class CustomerMapperImpl implements CustomerMapper {
// 引用 uses 中指定的类 private final BooleanStrFormat booleanStrFormat = new BooleanStrFormat(); @Override public CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer) {
if ( customer == null ) {
return null; } CustomerDto customerDto = new CustomerDto(); // 转换方式的使用 customerDto.setDisable( booleanStrFormat.toStr( customer.getIsDisable() ) ); customerDto.setCustomerName( customer.getName() ); customerDto.setId( customer.getId() ); return customerDto; } }
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring", uses = {
BooleanStrFormat.class}) public interface CustomerMapper {
CustomerMapper INSTANCES = Mappers.getMapper(CustomerMapper.class); @Mappings({
@Mapping(source = "name", target = "customerName"), @Mapping(source = "isDisable", target = "disable") }) CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer); }
转换类要加入Spring容器:
@Component public class BooleanStrFormat {
public String toStr(Boolean isDisable) {
if (isDisable) {
return "Y"; } else {
return "N"; } } public Boolean toBoolean(String str) {
if (str.equals("Y")) {
return true; } else {
return false; } } }
MapStruct自动生成的类:
@Generated( value = "org.mapstruct.ap.MappingProcessor", date = "2019-02-14T16:55:35+0800", comments = "version: 1.3.0.Final, compiler: javac, environment: Java 1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation)" ) @Component public class CustomerMapperImpl implements CustomerMapper {
// 使用自动注入的方式引入 @Autowired private BooleanStrFormat booleanStrFormat; @Override public CustomerDto toCustomerDto(Customer customer) {
if ( customer == null ) {
return null; } CustomerDto customerDto = new CustomerDto(); customerDto.setDisable( booleanStrFormat.toStr( customer.getIsDisable() ) ); customerDto.setCustomerName( customer.getName() ); customerDto.setId( customer.getId() ); return customerDto; } }
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