ensp静态路由配置（详细）

一、首先了解一下数据转发过程中路由器的工作原理

路由器的工作原理：
（1）解封装：此处解封装的前提是目的mac地址是自己才能解封装
（2）根据目的ip查路由表转发数据。 查看路由表的命令：[Huawei]display ip routing-table
此处分两种情况：

 情况1：如果目的ip在路由表中，则会把数据转发到相应的出接口 情况2：如果目的ip不在路由表中，则把数据丢了就可以了 

注意：配置好地址后一定不要忘记点击右下角的“应用”，否则配置无法保存。
PC2以及PC3的配置方式同理PC1。
接下来我们配置路由器的接口ip地址：
双击路由器R1：输入sys回车

 
  
    sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei] 
  

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.254 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.254 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24 

双击路由器R2：

 
  
    sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.2 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.254 24 
  

此时我们测试一下R1、R2直连路由的连通性：发现是连通的。

[Huawei]ping 12.1.1.2 PING 12.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms --- 12.1.1.2 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 40/52/70 ms 

有了直连路由可以ping通的基础后，我们来建立静态路由（Static）

静态配置：[Huawei]ip route-static 目的网段 掩码 出接口 下一跳 注意： 下一跳地址：如果是以太网链路，g或者e开头的，出接口和下一跳地址必须加； 如果是s开头的串行线，可以不指定下一跳。 

在路由器R1上：

[Huawei]ip route-static 10.1.3.0 24 g0/0/0 12.1.1.2 

在R1上“去”的有了，那么在R2上“回”的也得有：

[Huawei]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 e0/0/1 12.1.1.1 

查看R1上的路由表信息：

[Huawei]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.254 Ethernet0/0/0 10.1.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.254 Ethernet0/0/1 10.1.2.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/1 10.1.3.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 

配置完成以后，我们在PC1上ping一下PC3看是否连通：

PC>ping 10.1.3.1 Ping 10.1.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=79 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=46 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=79 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=46 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=94 ms --- 10.1.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 46/68/94 ms 

结果是可以ping通的，说明PC1实现了对PC3 的通信，也就是我们静态路由协议配置成功。

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.254 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 45.1.1.1 24 

在R4上：

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 45.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 56.1.1.1 24 

在R5上：

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 56.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 67.1.1.1 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.2.254 24 

在R6上：

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 67.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 78.1.1.1 24 

在R7上：

[Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 78.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.3.254 24 

[Huawei]ping 78.1.1.1 PING 78.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms --- 78.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 20/42/50 ms 

[Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 45.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/1 45.1.1.2 

在R4上：

[Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 56.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 45.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/1 56.1.1.2 

在R5上：

[Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 67.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 56.1.1.1 

在R6上：

[Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 78.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 67.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/0 67.1.1.1 

在R7上：

[Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 78.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/0 78.1.1.1 

在R5上查看路由表（随便哪一个路由器都可以）：

接下来我们PC4、PC5和PC6之间的连通性：
在PC4上：

PC>ping 172.16.2.1 Ping 172.16.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=110 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=93 ms --- 172.16.2.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 78/90/110 ms PC>ping 172.16.3.1 Ping 172.16.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=123 time=141 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=123 time=140 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=123 time=110 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=123 time=140 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=123 time=157 ms --- 172.16.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 110/137/157 ms 

在PC5上：

PC>ping 172.16.1.1 Ping 172.16.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=110 ms --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 78/97/110 ms PC>ping 172.16.3.1 Ping 172.16.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=62 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=79 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=78 ms --- 172.16.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 62/84/109 ms 

在PC6上：

PC>ping 172.16.1.1 Ping 172.16.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=123 time=125 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=123 time=156 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=123 time=125 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=123 time=110 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=123 time=187 ms --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 110/140/187 ms PC>ping 172.16.2.1 Ping 172.16.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=94 ms --- 172.16.2.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 78/93/109 ms 

PC4、PC5和PC6之间可以相互通信，配置完毕。