Linux下的ip命令

前言

linux的ip命令和ifconfig类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在取代后者。

功能介绍

1、查看ip地址

 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr 1: lo: 
  
    mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno: 
   
     mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno #eno 是网卡名称 valid_lft 6701sec preferred_lft 6701sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
    
  

2、设置和删除Ip地址

2.1、设置一个IP地址为 192.168.10.111

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.111/24 dev eno 

注：IP地址要有一个后缀，比如/24。这种用法用于在无类域内路由选择（CIDR）中来显示所用的子网掩码。在这个例子中，子网掩码是255.255.255.0

2.2、查看地址是否生效

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show eno 2: eno: 
  
    mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno valid_lft 5359sec preferred_lft 5359sec inet 192.168.10.111/24 scope global secondary eno #可以看到设置的地址生效了 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
  

2.3、删除Ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip addr del 192.168.10.111/24 dev eno [root@localhost ~]# ip addr show eno 2: eno: 
  
    mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno valid_lft 4998sec preferred_lft 4998sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
  

3、路由

3.1、列出路由表条目

[root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.10.1 dev eno proto static metric 100 #默认的路由条目，你可以随意改动它。 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100 

3.2、查看ip对应的路由包

[root@localhost ~]# ip route get 192.168.10.220 local 192.168.10.220 dev lo src 192.168.10.220 cache 
   
  

3.3、更改默认路由

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip route add default via 192.168.10.3 [root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.10.3 dev eno default via 192.168.10.1 dev eno proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100 

4、显示网络统计数据

4.1、显示不同网络接口的统计数据

[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link 1: lo: 
  
    mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 37238 652 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 37238 652 0 0 0 0 2: eno: 
   
     mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 15704 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 87284 741 0 0 0 0 
    
  

4.2、获取一个特定网络接口的信息（在排除网络连接故障时，这会非常有用）

[root@localhost ~]# ip -s -s link ls eno 2: eno: 
  
    mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 16680 0 0 0 0 RX errors: length crc frame fifo missed 0 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 92184 784 0 0 0 0 TX errors: aborted fifo window heartbeat transns 0 0 0 0 2 
  

5、ARP条目

[root@localhost ~]# ip neighbour 192.168.10.192 dev eno lladdr f4:f5:db:cb:45:9f STALE 192.168.10.1 dev eno lladdr 34:96:72:91:90:76 STALE 192.168.10.124 dev eno lladdr 98:29:a6:06:22:58 STALE 192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a DELAY 192.168.10.140 dev eno lladdr 00:ec:0a:dd:e7:a1 STALE 

注：ARP(地址解析协议)用于将一个IP地址转换成它对应的物理地址，也就是通常所说的MAC地址

6、监控netlink消息

[root@localhost ~]# ip monitor all [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE [nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE 

7、激活和停止网络接口

[root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.10.1 dev eno proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100 [root@localhost ~]# sudo ip link set eno down [root@localhost ~]# ip route show You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@localhost ~]# sudo ip link set eno up [root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.10.1 dev eno proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100 

8、获取帮助

[root@localhost ~]# ip route help 

结束语

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