Linux 使用fdisk和gdisk对磁盘进行分区和删除分区操作

1. fdisk详细操作步骤 1.1 启动fdisk并查看分区表 sudo fdisk /dev/sdX # 替换X为实际磁盘标识，如sda、sdb等 进入交互界面后，输入p查看当前分区表： Command (m for help): p 1.2 创建新分区详细步骤 输入n创建新分区： Command (m for help): n 选择分区类型： Partition type p primary (0 primary, gpt 教程0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p 设置分区号（1-4）： Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 指定起始扇区（通常按默认值）： First sector (2048-, default 2048): [Enter] 指定分区大小： Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-, default ): +5G 查看创建的分区： Command (m for help): p 保存更改： Command (m for help): w 1.3 删除分区详细步骤 查看当前分区： Command (m for help): p 输入d删除分区： Command (m for help): d 选择要删除的分区号： Partition number (1-4): 1 确认删除后查看： Command (m for help): p 保存更改： Command (m for help): w 2. gdisk详细操作步骤 2.1 启动gdisk并查看分区表 sudo gdisk /dev/sdX # 替换X为实际磁盘标识 进入交互界面后，输入p查看当前分区表： Command (? for help): p 2.2 创建新分区详细步骤 输入n创建新分区： Command (? for help): n 设置分区号（自动递增）： Partition number (1-128, default 1): [Enter] 指定起始扇区： First sector (34-, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: [Enter] 指定结束扇区或大小： Last sector (2048-, default = ) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +10G 设置分区类型（可选）： Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): [Enter] 查看创建的分区： Command (? for help): p 保存更改： Command (? for help): w 2.3 删除分区详细步骤 查看当前分区： Command (? for help): p 输入d删除分区： Command (? for help): d 选择要删除的分区号： Partition number (1-2): 1 确认删除后查看： Command (? for help): p 保存更改： Command (? for help): w 3. 实际操作示例记录 3.1 使用fdisk创建分区示例记录 $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB,  bytes,  sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x5a1b2c3d Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-, default ): +2G Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB,  bytes,  sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x5a1b2c3d Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048   2G 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. 3.2 使用gdisk创建分区示例记录 $ sudo gdisk /dev/sdc GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.5 Partition table scan: MBR: not present BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present Creating new GPT entries in memory. Command (? for help): n Partition number (1-128, default 1): First sector (34-, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (2048-, default = ) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +5G Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdc:  sectors, 10.0 GiB Model: VBOX HARDDISK Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 8D1F3B4A-5C6D-4E7F-9012-3A4B5C6D7E8F Partition table holds up to 128 entries Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33 First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is  Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is  sectors (7.5 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048  5.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc. The operation has completed successfully. 4. 重要注意事项 ​​数据安全​​： 操作前务必备份重要数据 确保操作的是正确的磁盘设备 w命令会立即写入更改，无法撤销 ​​分区后操作​​： # 让内核重新读取分区表 sudo partprobe /dev/sdX # 对新分区进行格式化 sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1 # 挂载新分区 sudo mkdir /mnt/newpart sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/newpart ​​恢复选项​​： fdisk：没有内置恢复功能 gdisk：可以使用b命令恢复备份GPT表 ​​转换分区表类型​​： # 将MBR转换为GPT（使用gdisk） sudo gdisk /dev/sdX # 输入'w'时会询问是否转换为GPT # 将GPT转换为MBR（使用fdisk） sudo fdisk /dev/sdX # 可能需要先删除所有GPT分区 通过以上详细步骤和示例记录，您应该能够熟练使用fdisk和gdisk进行磁盘分区管理操作。

​​何时使用哪种工具​​：

• 使用：传统BIOS系统、MBR分区表、小于2TB的磁盘
• 使用：UEFI系统、GPT分区表、大于2TB的磁盘、需要更多分区的场景

​​注意​​：在操作分区表前，请确保已备份重要数据，错误的操作可能导致数据丢失。