iOS导航栏基础效果配置[通俗易懂]

• 标题设置

self.navigationItem.title = @"标题";
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正常情况下，控制器的标题会默认作为导航标题

• 前景色

 self.navigationController.navigationBar.barTintColor = [UIColor blueColor];
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• 背景色

//注意上层有毛玻璃遮挡
self.navigationController.navigationBar.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
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• 背景图

[self.navigationController.navigationBar setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Background"] forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
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• 状态栏字体颜色和隐藏

在iOS7之前

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarStyle:UIStatusBarStyleLightContent]; 
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES];
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iOS7之后

- (UIStatusBarStyle)preferredStatusBarStyle {  
    return UIStatusBarStyleLightContent;  
}  
  
- (BOOL)prefersStatusBarHidden {  
    return YES;  
} 
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若iOS7之后仍要使用第一种方法全局设置，则需要在plist文件中添加View controller-based status bar appearance 字段，值为NO ，意为不使用控制器管理状态栏。

• 设置返回按钮

//只设置颜色
self.navigationController.navigationBar.tintColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
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//设置成图片
UIImage *leftButtonImage = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                               imageWithRenderingMode:UIImageRenderingModeAlwaysOriginal];
                            
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithImage:leftButtonImage
 style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered target:self action:@selector(back)];
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//设置成文字
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"返回"style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(back)];
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//自定义视图
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:view];
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• 修复navigationController侧滑手势失效的问题

self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.delegate = (id)self;
 // 控制手势在根控制器时不触发
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch{
    return self.childViewControllers.count > 1;
}
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• 导航栏透明和底部分隔线

//设置透明的背景图，便于识别底部线条有没有被隐藏
[navigationBar setBackgroundImage:[[UIImage alloc] init] forBarPosition:UIBarPositionAny
                           barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
//此处使底部线条透明
[navigationBar setShadowImage:[UIImage new]];
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另外可以通过颜色转图片来修改导航条底部分隔线颜色

//动态地改变UIColor的alpha属性可以返回，不同alpha的图片；可用于动态改变导航条的透明度
+ (UIImage *)imageWithColor:(UIColor *)color{
    CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

    CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, [color CGColor]);
    CGContextFillRect(context, rect);

    UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
    return image;
}

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• 全局设置导航栏外观

//全局设置导航栏主题,只在AppDelegate中有效，
或者是UINavagaitonController中的RootController 中设置有效
- (void)setNavigationControllerAppearance {
    [UINavigationBar appearance].barStyle  = UIBarStyleBlack;
    [[UINavigationBar appearance] setBarTintColor:[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.1 alpha:0.5]];
    [[UINavigationBar appearance] setTintColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
}

//也可以设置成图片
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"nav"] forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"nav"]  forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
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• 在导航栏上添加多个按钮

 //方法二
        UIButton* leftButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
        leftButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
        leftButton.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 45, 40);
        [leftButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"LeftButton_back_Icon"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [leftButton setTitle:@"返回" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        leftButton.tintColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
        leftButton.autoresizesSubviews = YES;
        leftButton.contentHorizontalAlignment = UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentLeft;
        leftButton.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin;
        [leftButton addTarget:self action:@selector(goToBack) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
        UIBarButtonItem* backItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:leftButton];

        self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItems = @[backItem,closeItem];
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• 隐藏导航栏

self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden = YES;
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• 导航栏的动态消失

if (scrollView.contentOffset.y > 64) {
    [self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES animated:YES];
}else{
    [self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:NO animated:YES];
}
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注意：两种方法都是可以隐藏导航栏的，隐藏之后依然可以使用push和pop方法。但是如果用navigationBar.hidden隐藏导航栏，我们可以继续使用navigationBarHidden提供的滑动pop效果，如果用navigationBarHidden，这个操作将无效；但前者navigationBar.hidden没有系统自动的动画效果。

• 状态栏的自适应问题

//不让其自动调整
self.automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets = NO;
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