zhx’s contest

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 448 Accepted Submission(s): 147

Problem Description

As one of the most powerful brushes, zhx is required to give his juniors

n
problems.

zhx thinks the

ith
problem’s difficulty is

i
. He wants to arrange these problems in a beautiful way.

zhx defines a sequence

{ai}
beautiful if there is an

i
that matches two rules below:

1:

a1..ai
are monotone decreasing or monotone increasing.

2:

ai..an
are monotone decreasing or monotone increasing.

He wants you to tell him that how many permutations of problems are there if the sequence of the problems’ difficulty is beautiful.

zhx knows that the answer may be very huge, and you only need to tell him the answer module

p
.

Input

Multiply test cases(less than

1000
). Seek

EOF
as the end of the file.

For each case, there are two integers

n
and

p
separated by a space in a line. (

1≤n,p≤1018
)

Output

For each test case, output a single line indicating the answer.

Sample Input

Sample Output

   
   
    
    2
1


    
     
      
      Hint 
     In the first case, both sequence {1, 2} and {2, 1} are legal. In the second case, sequence {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 2}, {3, 2, 1} are legal, so the answer is 6 mod 5 = 1

Source

BestCoder Round #33

思路：由题意能够求出答案为(2^n-2)%p

可是n。p都是LL型的，高速幂的时候会爆LL，所以这里要用到高速乘法，高速乘法事实上和高速幂差点儿相同。就是把乘号改为加号

注意：当n为1时。要输出1，而当p为1时要输出0。

AC代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define LL long long 
using namespace std;

LL n, p;

LL multi(LL a, LL b) {	//高速乘法。事实上和高速幂差点儿相同 
    LL ret = 0;
    while(b) {
        if(b & 1) ret = (ret + a) % p;
        a = (a + a) % p;
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
}

LL powmod(LL a, LL b) {	//高速幂 
    LL ret = 1;
    while(b) {
        if(b & 1) ret = multi(ret, a) % p;
        a = multi(a, a) % p;
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
}


int main() {
	while(cin >> n >> p) {
		if(p == 1) {
			cout << 0 << endl;
		} else if(n == 1) {
			cout << 1 << endl;
		} else {
			LL ans = powmod(2, n) - 2;
			if(ans < 0) ans += p;
			cout << ans << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}