一：安装所须要的各种库，如GTK3.xx

安装GCC：sudo apt-get install build-essential

安装CMakesudo apt-get install cmake

sudo apt-get install python3.2-dev python-numpy libgtk-3-dev ffmpeg libavcodec-dev

libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libpng++-dev libpng3

libtiff4-dev libjasper-dev libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-dev

zlib1g-dbg zlib1g zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libxine1-ffmpeg libxine-dev libxine1-bin

libdc1394-22-dev libdc1394-22 libdc1394-utils

libv4l-0 libv4l-dev

或者不放心的话。安全点，把以下的所有安装了，一劳永逸

apt-get install build-essential
     apt-get install cmake
       apt-get install pkg-config
       apt-get install libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libpng++-dev libpng3
       apt-get install libpnglite-dev libpngwriter0-dev libpngwriter0c2
       apt-get install zlib1g-dbg zlib1g zlib1g-dev
       apt-get install libjasper-dev libjasper-runtime libjasper1
       apt-get install pngtools libtiff4-dev libtiff4 libtiffxx0c2 libtiff-tools
       apt-get install libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev libjpeg8-dbg libjpeg-prog
       apt-get install ffmpeg libavcodec-dev libavcodec52 libavformat52 libavformat-dev
       apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg libgstreamer0.10-0  libgstreamer0.10-dev
       apt-get install libxine1-ffmpeg  libxine-dev libxine1-bin
       apt-get install libunicap2 libunicap2-dev
       apt-get install libdc1394-22-dev libdc1394-22 libdc1394-utils
       apt-get install swig
       apt-get install libv4l-0 libv4l-dev
       apt-get install python-numpy
       apt-get install libpython2.6 python-dev python2.6-dev

假设运行上面的方法，安装opencv的时候遇到错误，再装以下的包吧：

安装Git（可选）

sudo apt-get install git

安装GTK开发版

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

安装pkg-config

sudo apt-get install pkg-config

安装Python

sudo apt-get install python3.2-dev

安装Numpy

sudo apt-get install python-numpy

安装媒体包：

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

安装可选媒体包：

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-devlibswscale-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev

二：从opencv官网下载源代码包，编译。安装

编译

进入opencv2.4.5所在文件夹，新建build文件夹
1 $ cd ~/opencv.2.4.8 # the directory should contain CMakeLists.txt, INSTALL etc. 2 $ mkdir build # create the output directory 3 $ cd build 4 $ cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D BUILD_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON .. 
这时makefile已经生成了，能够看到显示默认安装文件夹是/usr/local。之后运行
1 $ make 
2 $ sudo make install
make的运行过程大概须要半个小时的时间

编译完之后，在/etc/ld.so.conf 文件中加上一行/usr/local/lib, 执行命令
1 $ sudo ldconfig
编译完成

測试

1 $ cd ~/opencv2.4.8/samples/c 2 $. bash build_all.sh
3 $ ./delaunay

測试：
编译例程
cd ~/OpenCV-2.4.8/samples/c
chmod +x build_all.sh
bash ./build_all.sh

运行程序，假设正常的话应该在lena的脸上画一个蓝色的圈
./facedetect –cascade=”/usr/local/share/OpenCV/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml” –scale=1.5 lena.jpg

或者

1 $ cd ~/opencv2.4.5/samples/c 2 $ g++ `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -o cvtest cvtest.c `pkg-config --libs opencv` 3  
4 ########################################################### 5 ########注意：g++ 后边那个东西是 ` ，就是ESC下边那个键########## 6 ###########################################################

在运行上述測试方法时，可能会遇到各种报错，这时能够试着运行下述命令

1 #安装libcv-dev，libcvaux-dev，libhighgui-dev包 2 $ apt-get install libcv-dev libcvaux-dev libhighgui-dev

參考资料

http://www.opencv.org.cn/index.php/Debian%E4%B8%8B%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85

     http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2010-04/25507.htm

     http://tech.techweb.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=239096

     http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/InstallGuide_Linux