pandas fillna详解

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pandas中补全nan

具体的参数
Series.fillna(self, value=None, method=None, axis=None, inplace=False, limit=None, downcast=None, **kwargs)[source]


参数:	
value : scalar, dict, Series, or DataFrame
Value to use to fill holes (e.g. 0), alternately a dict/Series/DataFrame of values specifying which value to use for each index (for a Series) or column (for a DataFrame). Values not in the dict/Series/DataFrame will not be filled. This value cannot be a list.

其他的参数：

method : { 
   ‘backfill’, ‘bfill’, ‘pad’, ‘ffill’, None}, default None
Method to use for filling holes in reindexed Series pad / ffill: propagate last valid observation forward to next valid backfill / bfill: use next valid observation to fill gap.

axis : { 
   0 or ‘index’}
Axis along which to fill missing values.

inplace : bool, default False
If True, fill in-place. Note: this will modify any other views on this object (e.g., a no-copy slice for a column in a DataFrame).

limit : int, default None
If method is specified, this is the maximum number of consecutive NaN values to forward/backward fill. In other words, if there is a gap with more than this number of consecutive NaNs, it will only be partially filled. If method is not specified, this is the maximum number of entries along the entire axis where NaNs will be filled. Must be greater than 0 if not None.

downcast : dict, default is None
A dict of item->dtype of what to downcast if possible, or the string ‘infer’ which will try to downcast to an appropriate equal type (e.g. float64 to int64 if possible).

Returns:	
Series
Object with missing values filled.

例子：

>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[np.nan, 2, np.nan, 0],
...                    [3, 4, np.nan, 1],
...                    [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, 5],
...                    [np.nan, 3, np.nan, 4]],
...                   columns=list('ABCD'))
>>> df
     A    B   C  D
0  NaN  2.0 NaN  0
1  3.0  4.0 NaN  1
2  NaN  NaN NaN  5
3  NaN  3.0 NaN  4

补零

>>> df.fillna(0)
    A   B   C   D
0   0.0 2.0 0.0 0
1   3.0 4.0 0.0 1
2   0.0 0.0 0.0 5
3   0.0 3.0 0.0 4

向前补充，按列 ffill forward fill

>>> df.fillna(method='ffill')
    A   B   C   D
0   NaN 2.0 NaN 0
1   3.0 4.0 NaN 1
2   3.0 4.0 NaN 5
3   3.0 3.0 NaN 4

改变方向 axis = 1按行的方向

>>> df.fillna(method='ffill',axis=1)
 	A	B	C	D
0	NaN	2.0	2.0	0.0
1	3.0	4.0	4.0	1.0
2	NaN	NaN	NaN	5.0
3	NaN	3.0	3.0	4.0

按字典补充，列名：value

>>> values = { 
   'A': 0, 'B': 1, 'C': 2, 'D': 3}
>>> df.fillna(value=values)
    A   B   C   D
0   0.0 2.0 2.0 0
1   3.0 4.0 2.0 1
2   0.0 1.0 2.0 5
3   0.0 3.0 2.0 4

用limit限制补充的个数

>>> df.fillna(value=values, limit=1)
    A   B   C   D
0   0.0 2.0 2.0 0
1   3.0 4.0 NaN 1
2   NaN 1.0 NaN 5
3   NaN 3.0 NaN 4

实际中常用的按均值补充。

for column in list(df.columns[df.isnull().sum() > 0]):
    mean_val = df[column].mean()
    df[column].fillna(mean_val, inplace=True)

这是用来查看需要补充的列

list(df.columns[df.isnull().sum() > 0])