Python 实现PID控制一阶惯性系统[通俗易懂]

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。如果您正在找激活码,请点击查看最新教程,关注关注公众号 “全栈程序员社区” 获取激活教程,可能之前旧版本教程已经失效.最新Idea2022.1教程亲测有效,一键激活。

Jetbrains全系列IDE稳定放心使用

1.PID.py

#  PID控制一阶惯性系统测试程序

#*****************************************************************#
#                      增量式PID系统                              #
#*****************************************************************#
class IncrementalPID:
    def __init__(self, P, I, D):
        self.Kp = P
        self.Ki = I
        self.Kd = D

        self.PIDOutput = 0.0             #PID控制器输出
        self.SystemOutput = 0.0          #系统输出值
        self.LastSystemOutput = 0.0      #上次系统输出值

        self.Error = 0.0                 #输出值与输入值的偏差
        self.LastError = 0.0
        self.LastLastError = 0.0

    #设置PID控制器参数
    def SetStepSignal(self,StepSignal):
        self.Error = StepSignal - self.SystemOutput
        IncrementValue = self.Kp * (self.Error - self.LastError) + self.Ki * self.Error + self.Kd * (self.Error - 2 * self.LastError + self.LastLastError)
        self.PIDOutput += IncrementValue
        self.LastLastError = self.LastError
        self.LastError = self.Error

    #设置一阶惯性环节系统  其中InertiaTime为惯性时间常数
    def SetInertiaTime(self,InertiaTime,SampleTime):
        self.SystemOutput = (InertiaTime * self.LastSystemOutput + SampleTime * self.PIDOutput) / (SampleTime + InertiaTime)
        self.LastSystemOutput = self.SystemOutput


# *****************************************************************#
#                      位置式PID系统                              #
# *****************************************************************#
class PositionalPID:
    def __init__(self, P, I, D):
        self.Kp = P
        self.Ki = I
        self.Kd = D

        self.SystemOutput = 0.0
        self.ResultValueBack = 0.0
        self.PidOutput = 0.0
        self.PIDErrADD = 0.0
        self.ErrBack = 0.0

    def SetInertiaTime(self, InertiaTime,SampleTime):
       self.SystemOutput = (InertiaTime * self.ResultValueBack + SampleTime * self.PidOutput) / (SampleTime + InertiaTime)
       self.ResultValueBack = self.SystemOutput

    def SetStepSignal(self,StepSignal):
        Err = StepSignal - self.SystemOutput
        KpWork = self.Kp * Err
        KiWork = self.Ki * self.PIDErrADD
        KdWork = self.Kd * (Err - self.ErrBack)
        self.PidOutput = KpWork + KiWork + KdWork
        self.PIDErrADD += Err
        self.ErrBack = Err

2.TestPID.py

import PID
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(1) # 创建图表1
plt.figure(2) # 创建图表2

#测试PID程序
def TestPID(P, I, D):
    IncrementalPid = PID.IncrementalPID(P, I, D)
    PositionalPid = PID.PositionalPID(P, I, D)
    IncrementalXaxis = [0]
    IncrementalYaxis = [0]
    PositionalXaxis = [0]
    PositionalYaxis = [0]

    for i in range(1, 500):
        #增量式
        IncrementalPid.SetStepSignal(100.2)
        IncrementalPid.SetInertiaTime(3,0.1)
        IncrementalYaxis.append(IncrementalPid.SystemOutput)
        IncrementalXaxis.append(i)

        #位置式
        PositionalPid.SetStepSignal(100.2)
        PositionalPid.SetInertiaTime(3,0.1)
        PositionalYaxis.append(PositionalPid.SystemOutput)
        PositionalXaxis.append(i)

    plt.figure(1)      # 选择图表1
    plt.plot(IncrementalXaxis, IncrementalYaxis,'r')
    plt.xlim(0,120)
    plt.ylim(0,140)
    plt.title("IncrementalPID")

    plt.figure(2)     # 选择图表2
    plt.plot(PositionalXaxis, PositionalYaxis, 'b')
    plt.xlim(0,120)
    plt.ylim(0,140)
    plt.title("PositionalPID")

    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    TestPID(4.5,0.5,0.1)

3.实现效果：