计算机网络原理实验（三）——小型校园网络模拟搭建

前言

• 思科路由模拟器（Cisco Packet Tracer）模拟出pc若干；路由器两台；两层及三层交换机各一台，网线若干。
• 网络信息：某学校有3个学院，学院A有网络用户50人，学院B有网络用户230人，学院C有500人，每个学院都有自己独立的楼宇，网络机房也属于独立楼宇，具有学校的web服务器。学校的可用Ip地址范围为4个C，、学校网络由一台三层交换机作为核心，学校出口有路由器A一台。要求模拟外网网络，外网网络用10.0.0.0/8模拟，采用一台互联网路由器B，路由器B下连接有模拟的web网络服务器和一个互联网用户，地址分别为10.0.255.254和10.0.254.254。
• 根据网络信息，合理规划各个学院的网络，给出网络地址划分和分配表，设备配置和部署表，画出网络拓扑图，在三层交换机上建立符合网络需求的vlan并分配到接入交换机的端口下。每个学院下各模拟一个用户。要求三个用户之间能够互相通讯。从三层交换机到互联网web服务器之间的路由信息自行设计配置实现，要求用最少的地址实现。在互联网web服务器上开启web服务，最终实现在客户pc上能够访问web服务器，界面信息包含姓名全拼。在学校web服务器上开启web服务，最终实现学院客户pc以及互联网用户能够访问web服务器，并显示学校web信息。所有的访问用数据包模拟传输过程，并分析数据包经过各个设备的变化。

基础知识

拓扑图

网络地址划分

终端设备配置

三层交换机配置

Switch>en Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#int vlan 2 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.192 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int vlan 3 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int vlan 4 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int vlan 5 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int fa0/1 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 2 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int fa0/2 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 3 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 4 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.192 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int fa0/4 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config)#int fa0/23 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#ip routing Switch(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 

查看配置后信息

// 省略! Switch#sh run Building configuration... Current configuration : 1474 bytes version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption hostname Switch ip routing spanning-tree mode pvst interface FastEthernet0/1 switchport access vlan 2 interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 3 interface FastEthernet0/3 switchport access vlan 4 interface FastEthernet0/4 interface FastEthernet0/5 interface FastEthernet0/6 interface FastEthernet0/7 interface FastEthernet0/8 interface FastEthernet0/9 interface FastEthernet0/10 interface FastEthernet0/11 interface FastEthernet0/12 interface FastEthernet0/13 interface FastEthernet0/14 interface FastEthernet0/15 interface FastEthernet0/16 interface FastEthernet0/17 interface FastEthernet0/18 interface FastEthernet0/19 interface FastEthernet0/20 interface FastEthernet0/21 interface FastEthernet0/22 interface FastEthernet0/23 interface FastEthernet0/24 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 interface GigabitEthernet0/2 interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.192 interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.192 interface Vlan3 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan4 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan5 no ip address ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 ip flow-export version 9 line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login end 

路由器A配置

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config-if)#int fa0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.192 Router(config-if)#no shut Router(config-if)#int fa0/1 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.192 Router(config-if)#no shut Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0 192.168.1.66 

查看路由器A的配置

Router#sh run Building configuration... Current configuration : 711 bytes version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption hostname Router ip cef no ipv6 cef interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.192 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.192 duplex auto speed auto router rip ip classless ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.66 ip flow-export version 9 line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login end 

路由器B

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Router>en Router#conf t Router(config)#int fa0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.192 Router(config-if)#no shut Router(config-if)#int fa0/1 Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0 Router(config-if)#no shut Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 

路由器B的配置

Router#sh run Building configuration... Current configuration : 655 bytes version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption hostname Router ip cef no ipv6 cef interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.192 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0 duplex auto speed auto ip classless ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.65 ip flow-export version 9 line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login end 

二层交换机配置

Switch>en Switch#conf t Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1 Switch(config)#int vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.0.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut Switch(config-if)#int fa0/24 Switch(config-if)#sw access vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#no shut 

二层交换机的配置

Switch#sh run Building configuration... Current configuration : 1039 bytes version 12.1 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption hostname Switch spanning-tree mode pvst interface FastEthernet0/1 interface FastEthernet0/2 interface FastEthernet0/3 interface FastEthernet0/4 interface FastEthernet0/5 interface FastEthernet0/6 interface FastEthernet0/7 interface FastEthernet0/8 interface FastEthernet0/9 interface FastEthernet0/10 interface FastEthernet0/11 interface FastEthernet0/12 interface FastEthernet0/13 interface FastEthernet0/14 interface FastEthernet0/15 interface FastEthernet0/16 interface FastEthernet0/17 interface FastEthernet0/18 interface FastEthernet0/19 interface FastEthernet0/20 interface FastEthernet0/21 interface FastEthernet0/22 interface FastEthernet0/23 interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport mode access interface Vlan1 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.0.0 ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1 line con 0 line vty 0 4 login line vty 5 15 login end 

服务器网页内容

运行截图

使用技巧

• 显示端口
  
  
  
• 做标记
  
  
  

心得体会

• 不同的设备之间用直通线，相同的设备用交叉线（三层交换机有路由功能）
• 不同设备的连接端口之间，最好处于同一个网络号下