iOS蓝牙开发

CoreBluetooth详解

CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是两个东西，peripheral和central, 可以理解成外设和中心。

图中两组api分别对应不同的业务场景，左侧叫做中心模式，就是以你的app作为中心，连接其他的外设的场景，而右侧称为外设模式，使用手机作为外设别其他中心设备操作的场景

关于蓝牙开发的一些重要的理论概念：

CBCentralMannager 中心模式

以手机（app）作为中心，连接其他外设的场景。详细流程如下：

步骤1.建立一个Central Manager实例进行蓝牙管理

步骤2.搜索外围设备

步骤3.连接外围设备

步骤4.获得外围设备的服务

步骤5.获得服务的特征

步奏6.从外围设备读数据（直接读取和订阅两种方法）

步骤7.给外围设备发送数据

#import "ViewController.h" #import #define kPeripheralName @"Kenshin Cui's Device" //外围设备名称 #define kServiceUUID @"C4FB2349-72FE-4CA2-94D6-1F3CB16331EE" //服务的UUID #define kCharacteristicUUID @"6A3E4B28-522D-4B3B-82A9-D5EFC" //特征的UUID @interface ViewController () @property (strong,nonatomic) CBPeripheralManager *peripheralManager;//外围设备管理器 @property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableArray *centralM;//订阅此外围设备特征的中心设备 @property (strong,nonatomic) CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM;//特征 @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *log; //日志记录 @end 

@implementation ViewController #pragma mark - 控制器视图事件 - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; } #pragma mark - UI事件 - (IBAction)startClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender { //创建中心设备管理器并设置当前控制器视图为代理 _centralManager=[[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil]; } #pragma mark - CBCentralManager代理方法 //中心服务器状态更新后 -(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{ switch (central.state) { case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn: NSLog(@"BLE已打开."); [self writeToLog:@"BLE已打开."]; //扫描外围设备 // [central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]] options:@{CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey:@YES}]; [central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:@{CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey:@YES}]; break; default: NSLog(@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能，无法作为外围设备."); [self writeToLog:@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能，无法作为外围设备."]; break; } } / * 发现外围设备 * * @param central 中心设备 * @param peripheral 外围设备 * @param advertisementData 特征数据 * @param RSSI 信号质量（信号强度） */ -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{ NSLog(@"发现外围设备..."); [self writeToLog:@"发现外围设备..."]; //停止扫描 [self.centralManager stopScan]; //连接外围设备 if (peripheral) { //添加保存外围设备，注意如果这里不保存外围设备（或者说peripheral没有一个强引用，无法到达连接成功（或失败）的代理方法，因为在此方法调用完就会被销毁 if(![self.peripherals containsObject:peripheral]){ [self.peripherals addObject:peripheral]; } NSLog(@"开始连接外围设备..."); [self writeToLog:@"开始连接外围设备..."]; [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil]; } } //连接到外围设备 -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ NSLog(@"连接外围设备成功!"); [self writeToLog:@"连接外围设备成功!"]; //设置外围设备的代理为当前视图控制器 peripheral.delegate=self; //外围设备开始寻找服务 [peripheral discoverServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]]]; } //连接外围设备失败 -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"连接外围设备失败!"); [self writeToLog:@"连接外围设备失败!"]; } #pragma mark - CBPeripheral 代理方法 //外围设备寻找到服务后 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"已发现可用服务..."); [self writeToLog:@"已发现可用服务..."]; if(error){ NSLog(@"外围设备寻找服务过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"外围设备寻找服务过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription]]; } //遍历查找到的服务 CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]; CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID]; for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) { if([service.UUID isEqual:serviceUUID]){ //外围设备查找指定服务中的特征 [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:@[characteristicUUID] forService:service]; } } } //外围设备寻找到特征后 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"已发现可用特征..."); [self writeToLog:@"已发现可用特征..."]; if (error) { NSLog(@"外围设备寻找特征过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"外围设备寻找特征过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription]]; } //遍历服务中的特征 CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]; CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID]; if ([service.UUID isEqual:serviceUUID]) { for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) { if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:characteristicUUID]) { //情景一：通知 /*找到特征后设置外围设备为已通知状态（订阅特征）： *1.调用此方法会触发代理方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error *2.调用此方法会触发外围设备的订阅代理方法 */ [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic]; //情景二：读取 // [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // if(characteristic.value){ // NSString *value=[[NSString alloc]initWithData:characteristic.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // NSLog(@"读取到特征值：%@",value); // } } } } } //特征值被更新后 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"收到特征更新通知..."); [self writeToLog:@"收到特征更新通知..."]; if (error) { NSLog(@"更新通知状态时发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription); } //给特征值设置新的值 CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID]; if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:characteristicUUID]) { if (characteristic.isNotifying) { if (characteristic.properties==CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify) { NSLog(@"已订阅特征通知."); [self writeToLog:@"已订阅特征通知."]; return; }else if (characteristic.properties ==CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) { //从外围设备读取新值,调用此方法会触发代理方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; } }else{ NSLog(@"停止已停止."); [self writeToLog:@"停止已停止."]; //取消连接 [self.centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral]; } } } //更新特征值后（调用readValueForCharacteristic:方法或者外围设备在订阅后更新特征值都会调用此代理方法） -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"更新特征值时发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"更新特征值时发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription]]; return; } if (characteristic.value) { NSString *value=[[NSString alloc]initWithData:characteristic.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSLog(@"读取到特征值：%@",value); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"读取到特征值：%@",value]]; }else{ NSLog(@"未发现特征值."); [self writeToLog:@"未发现特征值."]; } } #pragma mark - 属性 -(NSMutableArray *)peripherals{ if(!_peripherals){ _peripherals=[NSMutableArray array]; } return _peripherals; } #pragma mark - 私有方法 / * 记录日志 * * @param info 日志信息 */ -(void)writeToLog:(NSString *)info{ self.log.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\r\n%@",self.log.text,info]; } @end 

CBPeripheralManager 外设模式

#import "ViewController.h" #import #define kServiceUUID @"C4FB2349-72FE-4CA2-94D6-1F3CB16331EE" //服务的UUID #define kCharacteristicUUID @"6A3E4B28-522D-4B3B-82A9-D5EFC" //特征的UUID @interface ViewController () @property (strong,nonatomic) CBCentralManager *centralManager;//中心设备管理器 @property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableArray *peripherals;//连接的外围设备 @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *log;//日志记录 @end 

@implementation ViewController #pragma mark - 视图控制器方法 - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; } #pragma mark - UI事件 //创建外围设备 - (IBAction)startClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender { _peripheralManager=[[CBPeripheralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil]; } //更新数据 - (IBAction)transferClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)sender { [self updateCharacteristicValue]; } #pragma mark - CBPeripheralManager代理方法 //外围设备状态发生变化后调用 -(void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral{ switch (peripheral.state) { case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn: NSLog(@"BLE已打开."); [self writeToLog:@"BLE已打开."]; //添加服务 [self setupService]; break; default: NSLog(@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能，无法作为外围设备."); [self writeToLog:@"此设备不支持BLE或未打开蓝牙功能，无法作为外围设备."]; break; } } //外围设备添加服务后调用 -(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"向外围设备添加服务失败，错误详情：%@",error.localizedDescription); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"向外围设备添加服务失败，错误详情：%@",error.localizedDescription]]; return; } //添加服务后开始广播 NSDictionary *dic=@{CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey:kPeripheralName};//广播设置 [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:dic];//开始广播 NSLog(@"向外围设备添加了服务并开始广播..."); [self writeToLog:@"向外围设备添加了服务并开始广播..."]; } -(void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"启动广播过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"启动广播过程中发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription]]; return; } NSLog(@"启动广播..."); [self writeToLog:@"启动广播..."]; } //订阅特征 -(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ NSLog(@"中心设备：%@ 已订阅特征：%@.",central,characteristic); [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"中心设备：%@ 已订阅特征：%@.",central.identifier.UUIDString,characteristic.UUID]]; //发现中心设备并存储 if (![self.centralM containsObject:central]) { [self.centralM addObject:central]; } /*中心设备订阅成功后外围设备可以更新特征值发送到中心设备,一旦更新特征值将会触发中心设备的代理方法： -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error */ // [self updateCharacteristicValue]; } //取消订阅特征 -(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ NSLog(@"didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic"); } -(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(CBATTRequest *)request{ NSLog(@"didReceiveWriteRequests"); } -(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict{ NSLog(@"willRestoreState"); } #pragma mark -属性 -(NSMutableArray *)centralM{ if (!_centralM) { _centralM=[NSMutableArray array]; } return _centralM; } #pragma mark - 私有方法 //创建特征、服务并添加服务到外围设备 -(void)setupService{ /*1.创建特征*/ //创建特征的UUID对象 CBUUID *characteristicUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kCharacteristicUUID]; //特征值 // NSString *valueStr=kPeripheralName; // NSData *value=[valueStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; //创建特征 / 参数 * uuid:特征标识 * properties:特征的属性，例如：可通知、可写、可读等 * value:特征值 * permissions:特征的权限 */ CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM=[[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:characteristicUUID properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable]; self.characteristicM=characteristicM; // CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristicM=[[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:characteristicUUID properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable]; // characteristicM.value=value; /*创建服务并且设置特征*/ //创建服务UUID对象 CBUUID *serviceUUID=[CBUUID UUIDWithString:kServiceUUID]; //创建服务 CBMutableService *serviceM=[[CBMutableService alloc]initWithType:serviceUUID primary:YES]; //设置服务的特征 [serviceM setCharacteristics:@[characteristicM]]; /*将服务添加到外围设备*/ [self.peripheralManager addService:serviceM]; } //更新特征值 -(void)updateCharacteristicValue{ //特征值 NSString *valueStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ --%@",kPeripheralName,[NSDate date]]; NSData *value=[valueStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; //更新特征值 [self.peripheralManager updateValue:value forCharacteristic:self.characteristicM onSubscribedCentrals:nil]; [self writeToLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"更新特征值：%@",valueStr]]; } / * 记录日志 * * @param info 日志信息 */ -(void)writeToLog:(NSString *)info{ self.log.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\r\n%@",self.log.text,info]; } @end 

蓝牙连接发送数据的流程图

lightblue怎么用

OTA(空中升级)

将手机作为外围设备开发

iOS浅析蓝牙设备之服务器(外围设备)

APP被作为外设

遇到的坑

 [self.centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil]; 

一般蓝牙连接失败我们会实现以下方法

// 连接失败（但不包含超时，系统没有超时处理） - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error { if (error && self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(centralTool:connectFailure:)]) { [self.delegate centralTool:self connectFailure:error]; } } - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error { [self autoConnect]; } 

但是当广播设备的蓝牙断开再想重连的话还要实现下面这个方法

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray 
  
    *)invalidatedServices{ [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil]; // 注意保留 Peripheral 的引用 self.lastConnectedPeripheral = peripheral; [self startTimer]; } 
  

只有这样才能实现断开蓝牙重开蓝牙秒连

另外,有时候要提高搜索效率的话,可以过滤蓝牙的名字

 NSString *name = peripheral.name; if (name.length == 0) { return; } NSLog(@"name === %@",name); NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"已发现 peripheral: %@ rssi: %@, UUID: %@ advertisementData: %@ ", peripheral, RSSI, peripheral.identifier, advertisementData]; NSLog(@"string == %@",string); if ([name rangeOfString:@"Berry"].location == NSNotFound) { return; } // NSString *kCBAdvDataLocalName = [advertisementData objectForKey:CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey]; // if ([kCBAdvDataLocalName rangeOfString:@"Berry"].location == NSNotFound) { // return; // } 

//添加服务后开始广播 //广播设置 NSDictionary *dic=@{CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey:MyDeviceName,CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"FFE0"]]}; //广播设置 [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:dic];//开始广播 

不过,如果这块都设置了,对于快速精准找到目标蓝牙服务是大有裨益的,也会减少耗电量,提高响应速度等等。