接口自动化测试框架Karate入门

介绍

特点

1. 建立在Cucumber-JVM基础上
2. 可以像标准的Java工程一样运行测试并且产生报告
3. 测试代码的开发不需要掌握任何的Java知识
4. 即使对非编程人员，测试代码也很容易编写

环境需求

• JDK1.8及以上
• Maven
• IDEA

使用

创建工程

1. 打开IDEA，File|New|Project
   
   
   
2. 选择Maven工程，点击Next
   
   
   
3. 输入Maven基本信息，点击Next
   
   
   
4. 输入工程名称和存放路径，点击Finish
   
   
   

添加依赖

要在Maven项目中使用Karate，需要将karate-apache依赖项添加到pom.xml,如果实现JUnit测试还需要添加karate-junit4依赖

 
   
    
    
      com.intuit.karate 
     
    
      karate-apache 
     
    
      0.8.0 
     
    
      test 
     
    
    
    
      com.intuit.karate 
     
    
      karate-junit4 
     
    
      0.8.0 
     
    
      test 
     
    
   

设置测试资源文件目录，建议测试用例文件和java文件放在同一个目录下，遇到庞大的工程的时候方便管理，不必在文件夹src/test/java和src/test/resources文件夹之间切换，可以在pom.xml的标签中添加一下设置

 
   
    
    
      src/test/java 
     
     
     
       /*.java 
      
     
    
   

服务端模拟

 
   
   
     com.github.tomakehurst 
    
   
     wiremock-standalone 
    
   
     2.18.0 
    
   
     test 
    
   

编写一个启动服务的类

package server; import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer; import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.*; public class StartServer { 
    private static WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(8080); public static void startServer(){ 
    wireMockServer.start(); stubFor( get(urlEqualTo("/user/get")) .willReturn(aResponse() .withStatus(200) .withHeader("Content-Type", "application/json") .withBody("{ \"id\": \"1234\", name: \"John Smith\" }"))); stubFor( post(urlEqualTo("/user/create")) .withHeader("content-type", equalTo("application/json")) .withRequestBody(containing("id")) .willReturn(aResponse() .withStatus(200) .withHeader("Content-Type", "application/json") .withBody("{ \"id\": \"1234\", name: \"John Smith\" }"))); } public static void main(String... args){ 
    startServer(); } } 

用例文件编写

Feature: Learn How to use Karate for testing. Scenario: Testing valid GET endpoint Given url 'http://localhost:8080/user/get' When method GET Then status 200 Scenario: Testing the exact response of a GET endpoint Given url 'http://localhost:8080/user/get' When method GET Then status 200 And match $ == {id:"1234", name:"John Smith"} Scenario: Testing that GET response contains specific field Given url 'http://localhost:8080/user/get' When method GET Then status 200 And match $ contains {id:"1234"} 

Runner类编写

package demo; import com.intuit.karate.junit4.Karate; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; @RunWith(Karate.class) @CucumberOptions(features = "classpath:demo/demo.feature") public class DemoRunner { 
    } 

运行用例

1. 先启动服务
   右击StartServer类选择Run StartServer.main()启动服务
   
   
2. 运行用例
   右击DemoRunner类选择Run DemoRunner运行测试
   

   
   
   
   

查看报告

持续集成

            com.intuit.karate             karate-testng             0.8.0        

修改DemoRunner，注意配置CucumberOptions，要产生json格式的报告，cucumber-reports插件会去解析该文件并生成报告

package demo; import com.intuit.karate.junit4.Karate; import com.intuit.karate.testng.KarateRunner; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; @CucumberOptions(features = "classpath:demo/demo.feature",format={ 
   "pretty","html:reports","json:report.json"}) public class DemoRunner extends KarateRunner { 
    } 

jenkins报告展示

代码参考地址： https://github.com/ouguangqian/demo4Karate